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15 Best DevSecOps Tools for Seamless Security in 2024

Maine Basan — Wed, 22 May 2024 09:00:00 +0000

DevSecOps tools incorporate security into the DevOps workflow, ensuring that security is integrated throughout the software development lifecycle (SDLC). These tools ensure that traditional continuous integration and continuous delivery/deployment (CI/CD) pipelines remain secure at all stages of the SDLC. They automate security checks, vulnerability scanning, compliance monitoring, and incident response.

To assist you in selecting the best DevSecOps tools for your needs, I’ve categorized and evaluated a broad range of application security testing tools, including static application security testing (SAST), dynamic and interactive analysis testing (DAST and IAST), software composition analysis (SCA), runtime application self protection (RASP), and automated testing tools.

Here are the 15 best DevSecOps tools:

Top Static Application Security Testing (SAST) Tools

Checkmarx: Best next-generation SAST engine
SonarQube: Best for extended code analysis and scanning
Snyk Code: Best developer-focused SAST tool

Top Dynamic/Interactive Application Security Testing (DAST/IAST) Tools

GitLab: Best for AI-powered workflows throughout the SDLC
Contrast Security: Best for real-time insights and quick remediation
Invicti Security: Best for combined dynamic and true interactive scanning

Top Runtime Application Self-Protection (RASP) Tools

Dynatrace: Best for real-time attack detection and blocking
Fortify: Best for third-party apps risk protections
Imperva RASP: Best for detecting and neutralizing zero-day attacks

Top Software Composition Analysis (SCA) Tools

Black Duck SCA: Best for software supply chain risks management
Veracode SCA: Best for open source policy and governance automation
Mend.io (formerly WhiteSource): Best for effective usage analysis technology

Top DevSecOps Automated Testing Tools

OWASP ZAP: Best for automated penetration testing
Red Hat Ansible Automation: Best for unified automation solutions
ThreatModeler: Best for mobile and IoT app design threat modeling

Top DevSecOps Tools Comparison

This table compares each solution’s common DevSecOps features offerings and their pricing.

	Vulnerability Scanning	Security Policy Enforcement	Compliance Management	Container Security	Monthly cost
Checkmarx					Contact sales
SonarQube					$14+ per user
Snyk Code					$25+ per user
GitLab					$29+ per user
Contrast Security					Contact sales
Invicti Security					Contact sales
Dynatrace					$1.60+ per GiB
Fortify					Contact sales
Imperva RASP					Contact sales
Black Duck SCA					$525+ per member
Veracode SCA					Contact sales
Mend.io					$720+ per 25 developers
OWASP ZAP					Free
Red Hat Ansible Automation					Contact sales
ThreatModeler					Contact sales

=Yes =No/Unclear

Top Static Application Security Testing (SAST) Tools

SAST tools check software source code for security flaws. They examine the codebase, enforce security policies, and detect potential risks early in the development process. SAST solutions automate code analysis, allowing developers to proactively resolve vulnerabilities, promote secure coding habits, and improve overall program security. If you’re looking for a dependable SAST tool, check out Checkmarx, Snyk, or SonarQube.

Checkmarx – Best Next-Generation SAST Engine

Checkmarx is a next-generation SAST tool that performs quick, accurate security checks with up to 90% faster results and 80% fewer false positives. It incorporates security into the entire software development lifecycle, including containers, IaC, custom code, and open-source components, making it optimal for thorough AppSec testing in both on-premises (CxSAST) and cloud-native (Checkmarx One) scenarios.

Visit Checkmarx

Pros

Extensive language support
Automatically recommends fixes
Identifies diverse types of vulnerabilities

Cons

No free trial
Some scans take longer duration
Users repost tool integration difficulties

Contact for quote: CxSAST (on-premises) and Checkmarx One (enterprise cloud-native platform) available
Free demo: Contact to schedule

I selected Checkmarx because it excels in detecting dynamic vulnerabilities, identifying optimal solutions, and leveraging AI for personalized searches. Its easy connection with code repositories and comprehensive language support guarantee robust security in various kinds of software development environments.

Dynamic vulnerability detection: Identifies the most essential findings and high-risk vulnerabilities in mission-critical applications.
Optimal fix identification: Determines the optimal area to correct code, allowing many vulnerabilities to be addressed with a single modification for maximum impact.
AI-powered query builder: Uses generative AI to improve SAST tuning and result accuracy by generating and customizing queries without prior knowledge.
Uncompiled code scanning: Scans code directly from repositories such as GitHub, GitLab, Azure, and Bitbucket while smoothly integrating into the SDLC.
Extensive language and framework support: Supports over 35 languages and 80 frameworks for multi-platform development, including both new and legacy languages.

Checkmarx provides practically accurate security scans but lacks upfront pricing. If you’re looking for a free SAST tool, consider SonarQube.

SonarQube – Best for Extended Code Analysis & Scanning

SonarQube’s deeper SAST functionality makes it particularly good at extended code analysis and scanning. It tracks data flow in and out of third-party libraries in a novel way, revealing previously unknown security flaws. This functionality improves on its existing SAST engine by providing complete visibility into the inner workings of popular libraries, ensuring unprecedented code analysis for robust application security and a fortified codebase.

Visit SonarQube

Pros

Extensive language support
Generates test coverage reports
Offers many plugins to interact with

Cons

Needs insights for project libraries
Steep learning curve
Users cite UI needs improvement

Open source community edition: Free download available
Developer edition: $160+ per year, for a max analysis of 100,000 lines of code (LOC)
Enterprise edition: $21,000+ per year, for a maximum analysis of 1M LOC
Free trial: 14 days

Because of its accessibility and adaptability, I chose SonarQube as one of the top SAST tools. SonarQube Community Edition and SonarCloud are free for open-source projects. Its seamless integration with leading DevOps platforms make it a great tool for code quality and security.

Deeply hidden security issue detection: Identifies hidden vulnerabilities within code, especially those caused by interactions with third-party libraries.
Secure development acceleration: Enables faster and more secure development cycles by identifying and addressing any security vulnerabilities early in the process.
Risk mitigation: Reduces the chance of security breaches by proactively identifying and fixing vulnerabilities.
Automated code scanning: Simplifies the process of scanning code for security flaws in order to improve productivity and dependability.
Code security and compliance: Detects and reports on security vulnerabilities and compliance violations to ensure conformity to standards and laws.

SonarQube provides complete static analysis and code quality management across the software development lifecycle. However, if you’re looking for a developer-focused tool that offers real-time security testing, and actionable insights, try Snyk.

Snyk – Best Developer-Focused SAST Tool

Snyk distinguishes itself as a developer-focused SAST tool with real-time testing features, ensuring code security during development. Its user-friendly interface delivers actionable results and corrective guidance for developers, powered by industry-leading security intelligence that minimizes coding delays. Snyk streamlines security without disturbing productivity by integrating seamlessly across multiple languages and platforms, allowing for speedy vulnerability response.

Visit Snyk

Pros

14+ languages and frameworks
Offers free version with extensive features
Separates and categorizes issues

Cons

False positives
Paid plans can be costly
Customizing policies needs improvement

Free version: Available for individual developers and small teams for up to 100 tests
Team: $25+ per month, per product, for up to 10 contributing developers
Contact for quote: Enterprise plan available
Free demo: Contact to schedule

I chose Snyk as one of the top SAST solutions because of its customized plans for developers and security teams. Its knowledge base, supplemented by machine learning, provides cutting-edge security. Snyk easily incorporates security into daily workflows through features such as prioritizing top code risks, an integrated IDE, in-workflow testing, and CI/CD security gates.

Continuous scanning across the SDLC: Ensures ongoing security assessments from development to deployment.
Real-time custom code scanning: Detects vulnerabilities in custom code and allows for immediate adjustments.
Deepcode AI Engine: Provides developer-friendly fix suggestions in the integrated development environment (IDE).
Dev-first integrations (IDE, CLI, Repo): Integrates seamlessly into developers’ workflows through a range of tools.
Automated fixes: Enables automated issue remediation within the IDE through Deepcode AI Fix.

While Snyk focuses on security, Checkmarx frequently performs more comprehensive vulnerability scans. Furthermore, Checkmarx may provide extended assistance for compliance standards and integration with enterprise systems.

Top Dynamic/Interactive App Security Testing (DAST/IAST) Tools

DAST functions as a black-box testing approach, examining applications in real time and often implemented later in the CI pipeline. It’s effective for regression prevention, regardless of programming languages. IAST combines SAST and DAST, providing real-time feedback on vulnerabilities and facilitating rapid remediation within workflows. Gitlab, Contrast Security, and Invicti Security are some of the best DAST/IAST tools available.

GitLab – Best for AI-Powered Workflows Throughout the SDLC

GitLab is an ideal solution for AI-powered processes throughout the SDLC by improving communication among development, security, and operations teams. Through GitLab duo, an AI assistant, users have more control over which devices or users can use its AI-powered workflow capabilities. GitLab also offers a unified platform that integrates the best AI model for each use case from identifying the code to fixing security vulnerabilities.

Visit GitLab

Pros

Enables collaboration between many developers
Offers code review
Easy tracking of changes

Cons

Users report complexity in integration
Lengthy support response time
Interface can be overwhelming for new users

Free version: Supports up to 5 users
Premium: $29+ per user, per month
Contact for quote: Ultimate plan for enterprises available
Free trial: 30 days

I chose GitLab as a dependable DAST tool because of its extensive documentation and complete security testing features. GitLab ensures that runtime vulnerabilities are fully identified and mitigated by incorporating DAST alongside other basic security tests such as secret detection and SAST. Its versatile automation options make scanning more efficient in CI/CD pipelines or on demand.

DAST proxy-based analyzer: Scans typical apps using simple HTML, which can run automatically or on demand.
DAST browser-based analyzer: Scans JavaScript-heavy applications, particularly single-page web apps, for vulnerabilities.
DAST API analyzer: Scans web APIs and supports technologies such as GraphQL, REST, and SOAP.
Architectural pattern analyzer: Follows secure application architectural patterns, configurable in CI templates, and runs scans in Docker containers.
DAST report artifact: Creates a report to determine found vulnerabilities by comparing scan results between source and target branches.

Although GitLab provides excellent scanning capabilities, Invicti Security provides a more extensive vulnerability assessment and real-time threat detection for web apps.

Contrast Security – Best for Real-Time Insights & Quick Remediation

Contrast Security provides real-time insights and rapid fixes through its IAST solution that continuously discovers and prioritizes vulnerabilities, guiding developers through risk reduction with accuracy and efficiency. Contrast Assess, an IAST-style DAST tool, offers real-time feedback and faster remediation, overcoming typical DAST weaknesses by extensively analyzing code behavior to identify particular vulnerabilities.

Visit Contrast Security

Pros

Stable monitoring and detecting capabilities
Identifies alerts and vulnerabilities
Good user interface

Cons

Scalability issues
Needs to support wider set of technologies
Out-of-the-box reporting could be improved

Free version: Full access to CodeSec’s: Serverless, SCA & Scan features for 1 user
Contact for quote: Other products available
Free demo: Contact to schedule

I considered Contrast Security as one of the top tools, as its IAST solution has been recognized for securing every line of code while continuously detecting and prioritizing vulnerabilities with industry-leading accuracy, efficiency, scalability, and coverage. It incorporates security into all tests, delivers exact results with additional context, and enables quick vulnerability repairs, hence promoting agile and scalable application development.

Secure line of code: Makes use of cutting-edge IAST technology to continuously detect, prioritize, and guide developers through the risk-reduction process.
Live architecture and flow view: Uses Contrast agent insights to create detailed visualizations of application components, code trees, and data flow.
Developer remediation guidance: Provides specific, code-level information, detailing vulnerabilities in depth so that developers can readily resolve issues.
Application attack intelligence: Provides developers with attack surface mapping, route and URL intelligence, and the ability to measure testing effectiveness.
Visualization for threat modeling: Automatically creates diagrams of main architectural components to assist developers in resolving vulnerabilities.

Contrast Security provides an excellent IAST tool that allows for real-time insights and swift corrections. However, if you’re looking for a comprehensive combination of DAST and IAST capabilities, Invicti may be a better fit.

Invicti Security – Best for Combined Dynamic & Interactive Scanning

Invicti, formerly NetSparker, combines dynamic (DAST) and true interactive (IAST) scanning to provide greater vulnerability coverage, accuracy, and insight. The IAST sensor collaborates with the DAST scanner to identify additional vulnerabilities, eliminate false positives, and pinpoint specific locations for speedier repairs. This integration provides complete application security while saving teams time and increasing efficiency.

Visit Invicti

Pros

Users cite satisfactory customer service
User-friendly interface
Customizable scanning to reduce scan time

Cons

Integration is limited to popular systems
Lack of transparent pricing
Restricts the amount of website URLs to scan

Contact for quote: Custom plans available
Free demo: Contact to schedule

I selected Invicti because of its ability to include security automation into each SDLC process. It enables thorough app scanning, improved vulnerability discovery, and quick resolution with less manual work. Invicti effortlessly integrates security into development and delivers ongoing protection, with a comprehensive, automated approach to year-round security.

IAST sensor: Improves backend visibility by identifying unlinked and hidden files, as well as mapping all web application files and routes.
Comprehensive API testing: Imports API definition files and links to test all REST, SOAP, and GraphQL APIs, providing full coverage.
Prevent vulnerabilities: Identifies and resolves misconfigured local configuration files, sends best practice recommendations, and enhances security posture.
Proof-based scanning: Verifies vulnerabilities, reduces false positives, and allows for automated problem assignment without manual verification.
Faster vulnerability fixes: Pinpoints the specific location of vulnerabilities, including file names and line numbers.

While Invicti specializes in web application security testing (AST), GitLab excels at providing a complete DevOps solution for software development and deployment processes, such as version control, collaboration, and automation.

Top Runtime Application Self-Protection (RASP) Tools

Runtime Application Self-Protection (RASP) software improves DevSecOps by scanning programs in real time for vulnerabilities and threats. RASP tools, which are integrated into the runtime environment, detect and automatically prevent harmful behavior based on application architecture and data flow insights. Explore Dynatrace, Fortify, and Imperva RASP tools for continuous protection and reliable security without requiring human oversight.

Dynatrace Application Security – Best for Real-Time Attack Detection & Blocking

Dynatrace RASP protects cloud-native apps at runtime through intelligent automation. It identifies and prevents real-time attacks like SQL injections, lowering risk and enabling faster innovation. Dynatrace’s AI-assisted prioritization and automated vulnerability management improve DevSecOps efficiency. Its Security Analytics function reduces log investigation costs while improving proactive security measures.

Visit Dynatrace

Pros

24/7 monitoring
Supports wide-range of app monitoring tools
Offers performance insights

Cons

Needs better navigation menu
Needs more flexibility in customizing dashboard
Per-hour pricing could cause confusion

Runtime application protection: $0.00225 per GiB, per hour
Contact for quote: Custom plans and add ons available
Free trial: 15 days
Free demo: Contact to schedule

I chose Dynatrace as one of the top RASP solutions due to its complete approach to application security. Dynatrace’s features include full-stack monitoring, vulnerability evaluation, and host coverage analysis, which provide detailed visibility and prioritization of vulnerabilities. This allows for efficient detection and remediation that can improve your overall application security.

Runtime vulnerability analytics: Automatically discovers vulnerabilities that require prompt attention by evaluating data access pathways and production execution.
Runtime application protection: Uses code-level insights and transaction analysis to detect and prevent attacks on programs in real time.
Efficient security investigations: Facilitates Grail data ingestion utilizing DQL queries to improve the efficiency and precision of security investigations.
Vulnerability prioritization: Provides a prioritized picture of vulnerabilities across applications and cloud stacks to help optimize repair efforts.
DevSecOps lifecycle coverage: Monitors container security throughout the DevSecOps lifecycle to ensure complete protection.

While Dynatrace is a solid tool for performance monitoring, Fortify outperforms it by providing comprehensive code analysis and vulnerability detection without the need to run the program.

Fortify Application Defender – Best for Third-Party Apps Risk Protection

Fortify by OpenText improves third-party app risk prevention by seamlessly incorporating security measures into the DevSecOps workflow. This integration guarantees that security standards are implemented throughout the dev process, from basic code creation to deployment. Fortify’s integration of security into the DevSecOps pipeline enables enterprises to proactively discover and address security vulnerabilities in third-party apps.

Visit Fortify

Pros

Deep vulnerability analysis
Quick neutralization of threats
Efficiently streamlines the SDLC

Cons

Users cite occasional network interruptions
Lacks transparent pricing
Difficult navigation in UI

Contact for quote: Custom plans available
Free trial: Available by request
Free demo: Contact to schedule

I chose this RASP tool mostly because of its quick and effective threat neutralizing capabilities. The tool responds to current threats with exceptional speed and efficacy, making it a top choice in the market. Its ability to quickly implement resolutions distinguishes it, ensuring strong protection against developing security threats.

Scalable code security: Allows for complete security protections for large-scale codebases, offering strong vulnerability protection.
DevSecOps: Works flawlessly with DevOps pipelines, offering quick and seamless security without sacrificing development pace or quality.
SDLC: Improves security across the whole software development lifecycle, from code creation to deployment.
Cloud-native apps support: Provides customized security solutions for cloud-native apps, assisting enterprises at every stage of their cloud security transformation journey.
Secure supply chain: Ensures software supply chain security, allowing enterprises to deploy secure apps by thoroughly inspecting all components and dependencies.

While Fortify Application Defender is adept at application security testing, Imperva RASP excels at runtime protection and real-time attack detection that removes threats from the application environment.

Imperva RASP – Best for Detecting & Neutralizing Zero-Day Attacks

Imperva RASP works by embedding security protections directly into the application runtime environment. This integration permits real-time monitoring of application behavior and traffic. Imperva RASP can detect and neutralize zero-day threats by analyzing requests and responses in real time. This technique offers proactive protection, shielding applications from developing threats.

Visit Imperva

Pros

Complements with WAF
Offers visibility into runtime attacks
Uses contextual awareness for threat detection

Cons

Steep learning curve in using the tool
Lacks transparent pricing
Mac platform support availability is unclear

Contact for quotes: Custom plans available
Free trial: Contact for length
Free demo: Contact to schedule

I chose Imperva because its Runtime Protection (RASP) integrates smoothly into the application while delivering real-time security against both known and unknown threats. With Imperva, users can protect their data by neutralizing zero-day attacks, identifying undiscovered threats, and improving security intelligence, all while maintaining performance.

Application risk reduction: Protects applications from vulnerabilities, allowing teams to concentrate on business logic without being exposed to exploitation threats.
Adaptable security: Offers internal security that can be adjusted to accommodate changing workloads and circumstances.
Language theoretic security (LANGSEC): Detects and neutralizes both known and zero-day attacks to assure application security while preserving performance.
RASP attack detection: Detects and stops assaults in real time, offering rapid protection against zero-day threats and the top 10 OWASP vulnerabilities.
Protection against zero-day attacks: Provides out-of-the-box accuracy that does not require tuning to protect apps from zero-day threats.

Imperva RASP focuses on runtime protection and real-time attack detection, whereas Dynatrace provides full application security solutions combined with intelligent automation.

Top Software Composition Analysis (SCA) Tools

Software composition analysis (SCA) uses specialized tools integrated into the dev process to protect code security, quality, and compliance. SCA creates a software bill of materials (SBOM) and compares it to databases to identify vulnerabilities and compliance concerns. Some of the most popular SCA tools on the market include Black Duck SCA, Veracode, and Mend.io (formerly WhiteSource).

Black Duck SCA – Best for Software Supply Chain Risks Management

Synopsys’ Black Duck software composition analysis is suitable for risk management in the software supply chain. It provides comprehensive dependency analysis, binary analysis, codeprint analysis, and snippet analysis to identify open-source dependencies in various software types. This allows teams to address security, quality, and license issues prior to software deployment, align with industry standards, and gain supply chain visibility.

Visit Synopsys Black Duck

Pros

Prioritization based on severity
Fast inventory scans
Automatic scanning

Cons

Expensive for small businesses
Scattered documentation
Lacks robust governance capabilities

Security edition: $525+ per member, per month
Contact for quote: Supply chain edition available

I selected this SCA tool for its broad features. It provides strong vulnerability management and compliance tools, including limitless scans and quick open-source dependency analysis. The ability to export SBOMs in SPDX and CycloneDX formats, together with Black Duck Security Advisories, gives vital insights and guidance for ensuring security across the SDLC.

Dependency analysis: Identifies direct and transitive dependencies declared by package managers, providing a full understanding of program dependencies.
Binary analysis: Discovers dependencies in post-build artifacts such as firmware and container images without requiring access to source code, resulting in improved visibility.
Codeprint analysis: Detects dependencies in source files and directories, including those not specified by package managers, for more precise dependency identification.
Snippet analysis: Matches code snippets to their original open-source projects, allowing AI coding tools to accurately identify dependencies.
Risk assessment and prioritization: Enables the evaluation of dependencies for associated hazards, which guides prioritizing and remedial actions.

Black Duck includes some training materials and documentation; however, Veracode’s more structured and thorough training offerings are widely regarded to be better for assisting developers in improving their security procedures.

Veracode SCA – Best for Open Source Policy & Governance Automation

Veracode is a cloud solution provider that combines SCA with powerful open source policy and governance automation. This capability gives enterprises control over their software supply chain. Teams can effortlessly enforce regulations, manage risks, and assure compliance throughout the development process. This holistic method improves security posture while streamlining open source management to increase productivity and effectiveness.

Visit Veracode

Pros

Continuously scans at every dev phase
Responsive customer support
Integrates with any CI/CD tools

Cons

Users report occasional slow web interface
Lengthy scan time
Needs alert features for new issues

Contact for quote: Custom plans available
Free demo: Contact to schedule

Forrester listed Veracode as one of the strong performers in SCA. Veracode provides outstanding SBOM support, developer training, and automated pull requests. These capabilities provide better control over third-party code, faster remediation, increased policy compliance, and efficient vulnerability management across the application delivery lifecycle.

Dependency graphs: Finds direct and indirect weaknesses in the execution route and prioritizes them.
Auto-pull requests: Uses automatic requests for code changes to fetch and apply the best code fix.
Software bill of materials (SBOM): Creates an inventory of open-source components in CycloneDX format.
Automated policy enforcement: Creates code quality gates with bespoke policy management.
Reporting and analytics: Obtains cross-risk analytics, vulnerability and legal risk findings, peer benchmarking, and auditable mitigation procedures.

While Veracode provides risk prioritization features, you may also explore Mend.io/WhiteSource’s specialized Effective Usage Analysis and automated risk prioritization that take a more targeted approach to risk reduction.

Mend.io (Formerly WhiteSource) – Best for Effective Usage Analysis Technology

Mend.io, formerly WhiteSource, is a pioneer in open source code management, and its flagship software composition analysis (SCA) solution provides clients with visibility into key risks through databases of open source components, licensing, and vulnerabilities. This tool provides a reliable Effective Usage Analysis, which prioritizes and identifies active vulnerabilities in your code. This reduces cleanup efforts while accelerating fixes.

Visit Mend.io / WhiteSource

Pros

All licenses in one centralized place
Offers a free cloud-based service
Integrates well with Azure pipelines

Cons

Costly for small businesses
False positives
Dashboard navigation needs improvement

Free: Offers open source vulnerabilities management available
Mend SCA: $18,000+ per year, for 25 developers
Contact for quote: Custom plans and add-ons available
Free trial: Contact for length
Free demo: Contact to schedule

I chose WhiteSource as one of the best SCA solutions because it reduces risk and effort across all teams—management, legal, security, operations, developers, and QA. WhiteSource, now Mend.io, is a robust platform that supports a variety of situations. It prioritizes significant vulnerabilities, eliminates false positives, and automates remediation, promoting a DevSecOps mentality and effective teamwork.

Effective usage analysis: Automatically prioritizes and reduces remediation work, allowing teams to address key problems much more quickly.
Comprehensive vulnerability data: Compiles data from hundreds of sources, including NVD, security advisories, and open-source project issue trackers.
Accuracy: Uses a patent-pending algorithm to identify vulnerabilities to the precise components they affect, ensuring zero false positives.
Real-time alerts: Components and vulnerability databases are updated numerous times per day, providing quick information for prioritizing and addressing problems.
Reporting and auditing: Provides pre-built reports for research and development, security, legal, management, compliance, and due diligence.

While Mend.io/WhiteSource includes security features for seamless DevOps integration processes, you may also explore Black Duck, as they offer an extensive expertise for enterprises looking to streamline their dev processes.

Top DevSecOps Automated Testing Tools

DevSecOps automated testing tools simplify development by including security checks throughout the SDLC. These tools automate security evaluations, discover vulnerabilities, and detect bad code in the early stages, resulting in speedier failure recovery and significant cost savings. Some of the most popular automated testing tools are OWASP, Red Hat Ansible, and ThreatModeler.

OWASP ZAP – Best for Automated Penetration Testing

The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is an established player in cybersecurity for its threat research and contributions to the open-source community. OWASP offers ZAP, a versatile proxy tool that does automated penetration tests, vulnerability assessments, and code reviews on web applications. With automated pentesting, the tools simulate the behaviors of a malicious external attacker, fully exploring web apps for vulnerabilities.

Visit OWASP ZAP

Pros

Community-supported open-source project
Free for personal and commercial use
Zap Marketplace offers free add-on tools

Cons

Steep learning curve for new users
Complex documentation
Outdated UI

Free: ZAP version 2.15.0 available for direct download
Free: ZAP Add-ons via ZAP Marketplace

I selected OWASP ZAP mainly because, as an open-source technology, it promotes community participation and transparency. It provides comprehensive vulnerability detection with active and passive scanning capabilities, as well as smooth DevOps integrations. Additionally, engaging with community-driven innovation tools like what they offer reduces costs and increases reliability.

Automated scanning for web app vulnerabilities: Detects and analyzes security flaws in web apps using active and passive scanning methods.
Port and database risk scanning: Scans open ports and database setups for vulnerabilities, focusing on SQL injection concerns.
Seamless DevOps integrations: Enables easy integration into DevOps workflows and management of the proxy app via the REST API interface.
Threat generation and mitigation engine: Generates and handles potential security risks, hence improving threat management and application security.
Threat modeling methodology support: Provides features compatible with various threat modeling approaches, including CIA, LINDDUN, and STRIDE.

OWASP is useful for application security, including tools such as ZAP for penetration testing and Threat Dragon for threat modeling, but you may check out Red Hat Ansible for an enterprise-grade automation solution that streamlines and scales IT management.

Red Hat Ansible Automation – Best for Unified Automation Solutions

Red Hat Ansible Automation simplifies IT operations with unified automation solutions. Ansible, an open-source automation engine, reduces manual activities, improving consistency, dependability, and scalability. Ansible enables DevOps pipelines for server provisioning, configuration management, and application deployment, assuring efficient and error-free operations across your IT infrastructure.

Visit Red Hat Ansible Automation

Pros

Automation feature streamlines operations
Maintains compliance adherence
Accelerates app delivery

Cons

Requires higher-level skills to use
Limited real-time monitoring
Needs to add more modules

Contact for quote: Standard and premium plans available
Free trial: 60 days
Free demo: Contact to schedule

I selected Red Hat Ansible Automation because of its strategic scalability. Unlike siloed scripts, the Ansible Automation Platform provides a subscription-based solution for building, managing, and growing automation playbooks throughout the company. With a strong community and container-based architecture, it ensures consistency and efficiency in automated activities across several teams and settings.

Unified automation solution: Addresses many automation requirements efficiently with a single corporate solution, resulting in optimized operations across several use cases.
Automation creation: Uses specialized developer tools to develop automation more effectively, resulting in faster Ansible Playbook creation and deployment.
Security enhancement: Includes enforcing consistent security rules and configurations to protect against threats through automated monitoring and response.
ITOps optimization: Uses Event-Driven Ansible to automate processes based on rules, increasing efficiency and scalability.
AI foundation: Standardizes ITOps with trusted automation processes, facilitating AI adoption using Ansible Playbooks and Rulebooks.

Red Hat Ansible is ideal for overall IT automation, but ThreatModeler is a solid option for AI-driven threat modeling.

ThreatModeler – Best for Mobile & IoT App Design Threat Modeling

ThreatModeler’s newest v7.0 release focuses on mobile and IoT app threat modeling. It uses an Intelligent Threat Engine to detect threats across cloud, mobile, and IoT platforms. The new version includes the ThreatModeler Wingman AI Assistant, real-time collaboration, and enterprise-grade tools to simplify threat modeling in complicated contexts. Its user-friendly interface enables sophisticated, org-specific modeling to aid in DevSecOps automation.

Visit ThreatModeler

Pros

Suits a fast-paced IT environment
Integrates well with IDEs and CI/CD pipelines
Compatible with Agile development

Cons

Lacks transparent pricing
Few community and user reviews
Needs more extensive documentation

Contact for quote: Standard and custom plans available
Free trial: Contact for length
Free demo: Contact to schedule

I chose ThreatModeler because of its comprehensive approach to DevSecOps automation. ThreatModeler’s suite, which includes CloudModeler and IaC-Assist, allows users to efficiently secure IT systems and apps. Its one-click threat modeling streamlines design, deployment, and administration, assuring secure and compliant systems from development to deployment, resulting in cost savings and increased regulatory compliance.

Mobile and IoT app design threat modeling: Offers specific threat modeling skills to ensure full security coverage for mobile and IoT apps.
ThreatModeler WingMan: Integrates machine learning and AI into its toolbox, simplifying diagramming through probabilistic modeling dynamics.
Real-time security posture analysis: Enables cross-organization collaboration for complete risk analysis and security posture evaluation.
Enterprise readiness: Provides highly flexible, adaptable, and scalable capabilities designed for multi-tier, international DevSecOps environments.
DevSecOps workflow collaboration: Combines project management, safe software development, and active security auditing processes in real time.

ThreatModeler is useful for comprehensive mobile and IoT app threat modeling; however, if you want an extensive collection of free DevSecOps tools, try OWASP.

How to Choose the Best DevSecOps Tools for Your Business

When assessing DevSecOps technologies, evaluate their security capabilities, scalability, integration, ease of use, and cost effectiveness. Also check for the tool’s compliance and the availability of community resources. The tool you choose should cater to the unique needs of your company, especially considering the growing complexity of cyber threats and increased regulatory scrutiny of software applications.

Comprehensive security coverage: Look for tools that provide a wide range of security capabilities to cover all phases of the software development lifecycle.
Scalability and flexibility: Make sure the tools can grow with your firm and adapt to changing security requirements.
Integration capabilities: Choose tools that work easily with your current development and deployment operations.
Ease of use and adoption: Pick user-friendly tools that your staff can easily implement without considerable training.
Cost-effectiveness: Examine the pricing structure and license alternatives to ensure they’re within your budget and deliver value for money.
Regulatory compliance: Make sure the tools help you meet the regulatory and industry standards that are relevant to your business.
Community support and documentation: Take into account the availability of community resources to help with installation and problem solving.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How Does DevSecOps Work?

DevSecOps incorporates security into every stage of the CI/CD pipeline, providing reliable protection throughout the development process. It consists of six stages: plan, code, build, test, release, and deployment. Security is built into each level, with automated tools for continuous testing and verification, secure coding techniques, thorough vulnerability assessments, and safe deployment.

What’s the Difference Between DevOps & DevSecOps?

DevOps focuses on breaking down boundaries between development and operations teams in order to enhance deployment frequency while preserving stability and quality. DevSecOps goes beyond this by incorporating security into all stages, making security a shared responsibility. While DevOps focuses on speed and quality, DevSecOps adds rigorous security measures that require the use of extra security tools.

What Are the Benefits of Using DevSecOps Tools?

DevSecOps tools prioritize security during development, thus lowering post-release security expenses and maintaining compliance with privacy standards such as HIPAA and GDPR. They encourage cross-team cooperation, break down silos, and employ automation to save development time. DevSecOps also improves software resilience to risks, making it more cost-effective, scalable, and adaptable for long-term rewards.

Bottom Line: Integrate Holistic Security to SDLC with DevSecOps Tools

DevSecOps tools effortlessly incorporate security into the software development lifecycle, strengthening applications without slowing down development. The market now offers a variety of choices, including static and dynamic testing, container security, and API management. Leverage free trials or open source solutions that allow for testing in operational workflows to help you make more informed decisions for increased efficiency and security.

To enhance the security of your DevOps workflows, check out our complete guide to container security. There you’ll learn how container security can provide comprehensive protection and also discover the components, best practices, benefits, and risks involved.

Sam Ingalls contributed to this article.

The post 15 Best DevSecOps Tools for Seamless Security in 2024 appeared first on eSecurity Planet.

Top 6 Active Directory Security Tools for Auditing, Monitoring & Protection

Chad Kime — Thu, 16 May 2024 09:00:00 +0000

Active Directory security tools protect the critical Active Directory (AD) services that manage identities and access throughout a network. While many specialty AD tools exist, the best tools cover a breadth of capabilities to audit, monitor, harden, and secure AD. To help you select the right solution for your needs, I compared capabilities, ranked the tools, and identified strong use cases for each of the top-ranking solutions.

Here are the six best Active Directory security tools:

Tenable Identity Exposure: Best overall Active Directory security tool
Varonis Data Security Platform: Best for integrated data discovery
CrowdStrike Falcon Identity Protection: Best for integrated EDR
SolarWinds ARM: Best for integrated Active Directory operations
Netwrix Auditor: Best for compliance reporting for data access
Semperis Directory Services Protector: Best for free tool options

Top Active Directory Security Tools Comparison

The following table provides a quick overview of the top six tools across four important AD security functions and pricing.

	Audit Accounts & Privileges	Attack Path Discovery	Real-Time Protection	AD Backup & Recovery	Pricing
Tenable Identity Exposure					Contact for quote
Varonis Data Security Platform					Contact for quote
CrowdStrike Falcon Identity Protection					$24.71+/ month/ endpoint for 1,000 licenses
SolarWinds ARM					$2,083+
Netwrix Auditor					Contact for quote
Semperis Directory Services Protector					Contact for quote

Although some Active Directory tools may score highly in one category or another, I found that Tenable Identity Exposure offers the best overall value. Learn more below how each solution fared in terms of pricing, features, and primary use cases, or jump down to see how I evaluated the products.

Tenable Identity Exposure – Best Overall AD Security Tool

Overall Rating: 4.4/5

Audit and harden features: 4.8/5
Monitoring, response, and recovery features: 4.6/5
Ease of use: 4.5/5
Price and value: 3.6/5
Support availability: 3.4/5

Tenable Identity Exposure earns the highest score overall and the top score for audits and hardening features. The tool uses an intuitive GUI to clearly expose vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, attack paths, and groups policy object (GPO) issues through an interactive topology. The AD and Entra ID (formerly Azure AD) protection tool also tops ease of use with flexible software-as-a-service (SaaS), local, or even Tenable One platform deployment options.

Visit Tenable

Pros

Doesn’t use installed agents
Checks for password strength and other issues
One tool and one dashboard for all AD needs

Cons

No pricing transparency
Doesn’t automatically block attacks
Doesn’t perform AD backup and recovery

Tenable Identity Exposure: Licensed per user, contact for quote
Tenable One: Licensed per asset, contact sales for pricing
Customer support: Standard, Advanced, Premier, and Elite; contact sales for price
Free trial: 7 days for Tenable One, available for Identity Exposure, but no term listed
Free demo: Contact to schedule

Full-range protection: Provides investigation and real time threat detection capabilities in addition to auditing and monitoring capabilities.
Attack path visualization: Displays potential attack paths and actual AD change history through intuitive graphic displays for faster comprehension, analysis, and action.
Alert integration: Connects to security information and event monitoring (SIEM) and security orchestration, automation, and response (SOAR) tools.
Interactive topology: Uses a color-coded and interactive graphic topology to display user and group access to illuminate exposures and risky relationships.
Threat detection: Implements a robust range of indicators of exposure (IoE) and indicators of attack (IoA) to provide alerts prioritized by asset criticality.

Tenable Identity Exposure provides a full spectrum of Active Directory defense, but depends upon SOAR for automated response to attacks. For similar capabilities and fully automated defense, consider Varonis for Active Directory.

Varonis Data Security Platform – Best for Integrated Data Discovery

Overall Rating: 4.3/5

Audit and harden features: 4.7/5
Monitoring, response, and recovery features: 4.6/5
Ease of use: 4.2/5
Price and value: 3.5/5
Support availability: 3.2/5

The cloud-native Varonis for Active Directory not only provides a full range of identity threat detection and response (ITDR) features; the platform also finds, classifies, and labels sensitive data to define the most critical assets to protect. In addition to protecting identity, Varonis integrates advanced user and entity behavior analytics (UEBA) capabilities and data protection capabilities to provide holistic user and data tracking, monitoring, and protection.

Visit Varonis

Pros

No agent required for installation
Provides APIs for SIEM and other integrations
Includes least privilege automation

Cons

Only available as a SaaS solution
Doesn’t check password strength or compromise
No pricing transparency

Varonis Data Security Platform: Licensed per user, contact for quote
Customer support: Standard business hours or premium 24/7 support levels
Free trial: 30 days
Free demo: Contact to schedule

Analyzed data: Discovers and classifies data types across local and cloud resources to detect sensitive data locations, access, and users.
Automated actions: Enables pre-set alerts and actions to automatically react and block various AD attacks, such as: Kerberoasting, DCSync or DCShadow.
Extensive Logs: Tracks all changes performed in AD with who, what, and when details and alerts on changes outside of change control windows and other critical issues.
Live updates: Constantly adds threat models to the SaaS tool based on active threats observed to protect all customers against the latest attacks.
Prioritized alerts: Ranks users, assets, and threat models to enable efficient analysis of alerts based on threat levels to priority assets and protected data.

The Varonis Data Security Platform provides powerful capabilities, but only as a SaaS provider that tracks and receives all access information. For similar capabilities and options for a fully-on-site installation, consider Tenable Identity Exposure.

CrowdStrike Falcon Identity Protection – Best for Integrated EDR

Overall Rating: 4.1/5

Audit and harden features: 4.7/5
Monitoring, response, and recovery features: 4.5/5
Ease of use: 3.4/5
Price and value: 3.7/5
Support availability: 2.9/5

The CrowdStrike Falcon Identity Protection provides good auditing and stellar AD threat detection and active protection. Some customers will purchase the tool separately, but many will opt to add Identity Protection through existing endpoint detection and response (EDR) or extended detection and response (XDR) agents. Once combined, Crowdstrike provides unified endpoint and ITDR protection.

Visit CrowdStrike

Pros

Monitors AD, Entra AD, Okta, and more.
AI-enhanced attack detection
Offers free identity security risk review

Cons

Only available as SaaS
Requires an installed agent
Attack path analysis may require other licenses

Falcon Identity Protection: $61+ per user, some connectors extra
Customer support: Standard, Express, Essential, and Elite support levels available
Free trial: 15 days
Free demo: Tuesdays or on-demand

Dynamic MFA: Enforces multi-factor authentication (MFA) conditionally depending upon risk factors such as asset value and potential compromise.
Guided onboarding: Provides premium support customers with onboarding webinars, kick-off calls, and up to 90 days of support for installation, configuration, and integration.
Password protection: Inspects password hashes for strength and potential compromise; compromised passwords can be automatically reset.
Real-time alerts: Dynamically detects changes and potential compromise of AD and the endpoint to send rapid alerts for automatic action or prompt investigation.
Unified action: Enables coordinated endpoint and AD actions to quickly detect lateral movement and block access to both identity resources as well as the endpoint device.

CrowdStrike’s integrated network security solution might be less attractive for customers that use non-CrowdStrike solutions for endpoint protection. For a local-installation option without endpoint security conflicts, consider Semperis Directory Services Protector.

SolarWinds ARM – Best for Integrated AD Operations

Overall Rating: 4.1/5

Audit and harden features: 4.6/5
Monitoring, response, and recovery features: 3.9/5
Ease of use: 3.8/5
Price and value: 4.0/5
Support availability: 3.6/5

SolarWind Access Rights Manager (ARM) combines Active Directory auditing and AD operations. This allows IT teams to save time by automating password reset and delegating rights management to group managers. The tool also scored highest for both support availability and price and licensing information, thanks to clear pricing, 24/7 phone support, onboarding support options, and robust self-help documentation.

Visit SolarWinds

Pros

Can fully provision or deprovision users.
Role-specific templates
Clear pricing options and an extended free trial

Cons

Weak threat detection capabilities
Reports don’t support investigation well
No real-time alerts on changes

SolarWinds Access Rights Manager: $2,083+ depending upon purchase option (perpetual license + annual maintenance, annual subscription, multi-year sub, etc.)
SolarWinds ARM Audit Edition: Includes permissions analysis, auditing, monitoring, risk analysis overview, and Windows distributed file systems scans
SolarWinds ARM Full Edition: Adds risk management, user provisioning, delegation of access rights management, self-service permissions, and remediation options
Purchase options: Perpetual license with annual maintenance, subscription
Customer support: Premium support is available, contact sales for more information
Free trial: 30 days
Free demo: Contact to schedule

Accelerated management: Combines operations and security auditing for faster, more accurate management of user provisioning, password resets, and access control.
Expanded support: Extends typical AD and Entra AD support to include access provisioning and auditing for EMC, SAP, Sharepoint, OneDrive, and more.
Reduced bandwidth: Reduces network bandwidth requirements through optional ARM collectors installed in geographically remote locations.
Robust reporting: Provides customizable report templates for a variety of AD change, security risk, and compliance reports (GDPR, HIPAA, etc.).
Self-service portal: Eliminates management overhead with a web-based self-service permissions portal so users can request access rights directly.

SolarWinds provides an effective blend of AD operations and auditing, but lacks threat detection and forensic investigation features. For a more full-range, on-site tool with robust compliance reporting capabilities, consider Netwrix Auditor.

Netwrix Auditor – Best for Compliance Reporting

Overall Rating: 4/5

Audit and harden features: 4.7/5
Monitoring, response, and recovery features: 5.0/5
Ease of use: 3.2/5
Price and value: 2.9/5
Support availability: 2.5/5

Netwrix Auditor anchors the Netwrix suite of AD tools and provides the templated and customizable reports. Automated report options and on-demand customization will satisfy broad compliance requirements by documenting user access to regulated data in detail and as needed. These tools combine to earn the top score for monitoring, response and recovery features to provide strong overall security for AD as well.

Visit Netwrix

Pros

All data stays local
Optional AD backup and recovery tool
Real-time alerts and

Cons

Requires multiple licenses to fully secure AD
Unclear licensing and pricing requirements
Requires multiple dashboards to operate

Free Auditor Community Edition: One AD domain, most features and limited support
Auditor Business Essentials: Full support, more features, 250 users, contact for quote
Auditor Enterprise Advanced: Full audit features, contact for quote
GroupID: Formerly Imanami GroupID, contact for quote
Threat Manager: Formerly StealthDEFEND, contact for quote
Recovery of Active Directory: Formerly StealthRECOVER, contact for quote
Customer support: All paid customers enjoy the same level of tech support
Free trial: 20 days
Free demo: Contact Netwrix for a one-to-one demo or launch the in-browser demo

Robust compliance: Provides customizable report templates for extensive compliance standards such as HIPAA, ISO/IEC 27001, PCI DSS v3.2, FERPA, SOX, and more.
Anomaly detection: Creates benchmark activity profiles, provides adjusted risk profiles, and issues alerts based on anomalous user behavior.
Broad automation: Schedule compliance reports to send automatically, enable user self-service, and trigger automated remediation tasks based on events.
Integrated operations: Automates password reset, enables delegation of rights management, and takes operations burdens off of the help desk team.
Wide support: Extends capabilities beyond AD to encompass access monitoring for Microsoft 365, Exchange, Sharepoint, NetApp, SQL Server, VMware, and more.

While a robust network security solution for AD protection, some buyers will balk at the number of tools to purchase and operations teams may prefer a single management console. For a consolidated security and operations tool, consider SolarWinds Access Rights Manager (ARM).

Semperis Directory Services Protector – Best for Free Tool Options

Overall Rating: 4/5

Audit and harden features: 4.8/5
Monitoring, response, and recovery features: 4.9/5
Ease of use: 3.5/5
Price and value: 2.0/5
Support availability: 3.4/5

Semperis Directory Services Protector (DSP) delivers the core of the Semperis Identity Resilience Platform complimented by two powerful free tools: Purple Knight and Forest Druid. Many teams start with Purple Knights user auditing or Forest Druid’s attack path mapping for initial security and then graduate to DSP or other Semperis modules as needs and sophistication grow. The light free software requires no integration and has low system requirements.

Visit Semperis

Pros

Many components run without installation
24/7 phone support for paid customers
Real-time notifications

Cons

Uses many tools and dashboards to protect AD
Opaque pricing and licensing options
Doesn’t check for weak or breached passwords

Purple Knight: Free AD assessment tool
Forest Druid: Free AD forest attack patch discovery tool
Contact for quote: Directory Service Protector, Active Directory Forest Recovery (ADFR), Disaster Recovery for Entra Tenant, Migrator for Active Directory
Customer support: All paid customers enjoy the same level of tech support.
Free trial: Doesn’t offer a free trial, has free tools
Free demo: Contact to schedule

Assisted investigation: Enables forensic and incident investigation of AD changes and potential attacks with detailed records and even optional investigation consulting.
Free tools: Provide even the smallest business with resources to perform AD assessments (Purple Knight) or inspect AD forests (Forest Druid).
Fully local: Software installs on local servers to assess data and store information locally, with no shared data sent back to Sempris or cloud servers.
Interactive discovery: Offers fully interactive attack path discovery through Forest Druid with a graphically intuitive mapping of user and group access.
Resilient recovery: Backs up AD and Entra data and configurations for faster recovery from small and large changes, including complete failure.

Semperis focuses on providing modular on-site flexibility, but some organizations prefer to outsource the infrastructure and management of AD security. Such organizations may prefer to consider an integrated SaaS provider, such as CrowdStrike Falcon Identity Protection.

Top 5 Features of Active Directory Security

The top five features of Active Directory security harden, monitor, and enable quick reactions to attacks through examination of connections, integrating with existing security infrastructure, change monitoring, rapid alerts, and inspection of user and group permissions.

AD Forest Inspection

AD Forest inspection examines the connections between assets (data, devices, etc.), users (individuals, system functions, APIs, etc.), and groups (authorization categories). The examination focuses on Tier0 assets that can directly control the most secure levels of Active Directory and checks for excessive permissions and dangerous attack paths.

Alert & Log Integration

Security professionals require alerts and logs from AD security to integrate with existing SIEM, SOAR, and other network security tools. The sheer volume of information coming from security infrastructure will quickly overwhelm a team if they need to implement, learn, and monitor separate processes just for Active Directory.

AD Changes Auditing

AD security tools monitor and record details related to changes to active directory and permit change auditing to verify authenticity. All tools need to record changes, better tools enable roll-back of unauthorized changes, and the best tools can automatically detect and reverse unapproved changes.

Real-Time Alerts

Real-time alerts enable security teams to capture information on potential threats promptly and react quickly. In an environment of continuous attacks, security teams can no longer wait to check log files individually and require systems to identify, prioritize, and rapidly bring potential threats to the forefront.

User & Group Access Auditing

User and group access auditing inspects access rights for individuals and the user group classifications used to manage group permissions. AD provides manual functionality, but effective AD security tools enable users to quickly expose potentially dangerous issues such as excessive administrator rights, weak passwords, non-expiring passwords, and continuing access for terminated employees.

How I Evaluated the Best Active Directory Security Tools

The evaluation of the AD security tools weighed five different criteria, with the most emphasis placed on overall features. Each category contained a number of sub-criteria with their own weights that helped produce a five-point rating for each category and in total. After determining the top six tools based on their overall score, I considered the tools’ pros, cons, and features to identify strong use cases for each solution.

Evaluation Criteria

To evaluate the tools, I focused primarily on the breadth of features needed for active directory security. Next, I considered usability, support availability, and price and licensing information.

Audit and harden features (30%): Assesses tool capabilities to check accounts for vulnerabilities, identify attack paths, harden security, and manage rights effectively.
- Criterion winner: Tenable Identity Exposure
Monitoring, response, and recovery features (30%): Examines tool capabilities to monitor changes, issue alerts, aid investigations, and provide compliance reports.
- Criterion winner: Netwrix Auditor
Ease of use (15%): Considers the number of installations, dashboards, and agents to provide AD security, other identities managed (Okta, 365, etc.), and installation options.
- Criterion winner: Tenable Identity Exposure
Price and licensing info (15%): Bases evaluations on price and licensing information transparency, the number of licenses required, and free tools and trials available.
- Criterion winner: SolarWinds Access Rights Manager
Support availability (10%): Considers the different support options for everyday use and initial installation, support hours, and premium support options.
- Criterion winner: SolarWinds Access Rights Manager

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How Are AD Security Tools Helpful?

AD security tools help manage Active Directory more intuitively, rapidly, and comprehensively to tighten control over the critical functions that AD delivers. They also analyze existing identities for potential issues, track changes for signs of malicious activity, and provide alerts for any detected attacks.

What Is the Difference Between AD Security & ITDR?

AD security secures the lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) functions delivered by AD and similar tools. Identity threat detection and response (ITDR) expands the scope to include integration with MFA, SOAR, identity and access management (IAM), privilege access management (PAM), and other tools for a more comprehensive overview and integration into the security stack.

How Does AD Security Satisfy Compliance Requirements?

AD security adds controls to protect the access management required by all major cybersecurity compliance standards. AD security tool reports should directly provide information that proves user activity and data access fall within specific compliance requirements to avoid additional efforts to meet regular compliance requirements.

Bottom Line: AD Security Provides Fundamental Protection

Active directory stores access permissions and authorization throughout a network and literally defines who holds the keys to the kingdom. Make sure to implement effective AD security to provide this critical component with the protection and monitoring necessary to provide a foundation for the rest of an organization’s security stack. Start by selecting the most promising option and experience a demo or try out the free version.

This article explains how to secure AD against future attacks, but to determine if past attacks have been successful, read about how to tell if Active Directory is compromised.

The post Top 6 Active Directory Security Tools for Auditing, Monitoring & Protection appeared first on eSecurity Planet.

6 Top Open-Source Vulnerability Scanners & Tools

Chad Kime — Fri, 05 Apr 2024 10:00:00 +0000

Open-source vulnerability assessment tools are effective security scanners to detect missing patches, misconfiguration, and other vulnerabilities. These scanners also publish their code publicly and provide a free version with most, if not all, features. To help you select the best tool, we picked the top two tools in each of three categories: devices (endpoints, routers, containers, etc.), websites and applications (aka web and app), and specialty scanners for specific assets.

Here are the six best open-source vulnerability scanners:

Nmap: Best device scanner overall
OpenVAS: Best device scanner for user experience
ZAP: Best web and app scanner overall
OSV-Scanner: Best web and app scanner for library dependency
CloudSploit: Best specialty scanner for cloud and containers
sqlmap: Best specialty scanner for databases

Top Open-Source Vulnerability Scanner Software Comparison

The table below briefly compares the top six tools and provides the overall rating in comparison with the other vulnerability scanning tools (aka vulnscanners) on the list, the types of assets scanned, and the availability of premium support or commercial versions of the tool.

	Overall Rating	Device Scanning	Website & Application Scanning	Specialty
Nmap	4.4			Port scanning
OpenVAS	4.3
ZAP	4.6
OSV-Scanner	4.0			Library dependency
CloudSploit	3.9	Cloud and container only		Cloud and container
sqlmap	3.8		Databases only	Databases

Although we used a single scale to evaluate all open-source vulnerability scanners, they can’t be used interchangeably. For example, the best device scanning tool, Nmap, can only perform very limited application scanning, and the best web and app scanning tool, ZAP, can’t scan devices for vulnerabilities. Explore the detailed reviews of each tool for more context and read our rating methodology below.

Nmap – Best Device Scanner Overall

Overall Rating: 4.4/5

Open-source value: 4.5/5
Core scanning features: 4.2/5
Ease of use: 4.7/5
User support: 3.8/5

Nmap scores the highest for core scanning features and highest overall for device scanners thanks to the huge number of devices it can scan. The list well exceeds traditional network security port scans to include cloud infrastructure, Internet of Things (IoT), and even some website applications. Hackers also frequently use the tool, so security pros often use Nmap even if they already own commercial tools to ensure they capture the hacker’s perspective.

Visit nmap

Pros

Performs host discovery for networks
Can determine or predict operating systems
Included in most Linux distributions

Cons

No formal customer support option
Best results require experience or programming
Not all options are available in the GUI version

The open-source Nmap tool may be downloaded and used for free. An OEM license starts at $59,980 per year to build Nmap into commercial vulnerability scanning software or hardware. Cloud-hosted software-as-a-service (SaaS) Nmap scanners aren’t affiliated with the Nmap tool.

Deep scanning: Interrogates open ports quickly to analyze protocols, applications, and operating systems based on available TCP and UDP services.
Industry favorite: Enjoys a large user base of active security professionals and hackers; also included in most network and cybersecurity certification programs.
Programmer-friendly: Uses command line controls to automate vulnerability scans or to export results into ticketing systems or security tools.
Scripting library: Includes a growing library of 500 scripts for enhanced network discovery and vulnerability assessment developed by the Nmap community.
System agnostic: Scans based on port responses to protocol requests so it works on all computers, IoT, websites, cloud systems, and networking equipment with open ports.

Nmap provides powerful network security scanning, but users without programming experience or seeking a better user interface may prefer to start with OpenVAS.

OpenVAS – Best Device Scanner for User Experience

Overall Rating: 4.3/5

Open-source value: 4.9/5
Core scanning features: 4.1/5
Ease of use: 4.3/5
User support: 4.8/5

OpenVAS places first for user support primarily thanks to an effective graphic user interface (GUI) and an option for premium customer support. Yet it also enjoys a large community of industry users, inclusion in cybersecurity certification training, and built-in compliance reports. Greenbone maintains a strong threat feed and the scanning capabilities for the tool originally forked off of Nessus, now a closed-source commercial product by Tenable.

Visit OpenVAS

Pros

Web-based management console
Also available as a cloud-hosted scanner
Actively maintained by Greenbone

Cons

Can be overwhelming for beginners
Many concurrent scans can crash the program
Advanced scans require premium version

Greenbone continues to offer the open-sourced Community Edition OpenVAS free to all users. Those that need more advanced vulnerability scanning features (scans for network equipment, IoT, etc.) and professional support can upgrade to the Enterprise Edition.

Constant improvement: Updates threat feeds nearly daily with sourced as well as researched vulnerabilities; product updates and features also regularly provided.
Enterprise options: Provides a robust free version with even more capabilities and features available in the Enterprise version that also provides customer support.
Extensive device scans: Scans endpoints, servers, and cloud deployments for common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVEs); paid version scans even more devices.
Industry standard: Delivers a widely used solution tested extensively by security pros, supported by a large community, and taught in many different certification courses.
Vulnerability insights: Explains each vulnerability with additional context for vulnerability remediation or how attackers might exploit an exposed flaw.

Greenbone’s OpenVAS provides a strong user experience but charges extra to perform vulnerability scans on many common devices such as networking equipment. For a full-powered and free device scanner, consider Nmap.

ZAP – Best Web & App Scanner Overall

Overall Rating: 4.6/5

Open-source value: 5/5
Core scanning features: 3.9/5
Ease of use: 4.8/5
User support: 4.4/5

Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP) scores the highest overall for all open-source vuln scanners and provides the highest rated open-source value and ease of use of the tools tested. Pre-installed on Kali Linux, ZAP places itself between the tester’s browser and the web application to intercept requests to act as a “proxy.” This tests applications by modifying contents, forwarding packets, and other user behavior simulations in a comprehensive and robust fashion.

Visit ZAP

Pros

Available for major OS and Docker
Both GUI and command-line interfaces
Manual and automated exploration

Cons

Requires additional plugins for some features
Requires some expertise to use
Can produce more false positives

ZAP may be used for free, and the development team offers Bronze ($10,000 per year) and Silver ($20,000 per year) premium support packages for direct support via email or video with faster response times.

Common curriculum: Regularly included in DevSecOps and security certification as the primary training tool for scanning websites and applications.
Comprehensive scanning: Performs highly rated Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST), particularly for cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities, and also performs uncommon tests such as fuzzing.
DevSecOps integration: Provides API and docker integration for quick starts and integrates with DevSecOp tools for automated ticketing to development teams.
Full-time development: Deploys two full-time developers thanks to the support of the Crash Override Open Source Fellowship (ZAP is no longer affiliated with OWASP).
Hacker favorite: Used often by penetration testers and hackers, applying ZAP provides an excellent idea of what vulnerabilities adversaries might locate.

The extensive ZAP capabilities scan for detected vulnerabilities in compiled code, but to locate open-source library dependencies, consider OSV-Scanner instead.

OSV-Scanner – Best Web & App Scanner for Library Dependency

Overall Rating: 4.0/5

Open-source value: 4.7/5
Core scanning features: 3.8/5
Ease of use: 3.4/5
User support: 3.7/5

OSV-Scanner delivers specialty software composition analysis (SCA) that scans static software for open-source programming code vulnerabilities to secure the open-source software bill-of-materials (SBOM). It was developed initially by Google, and the rapid development of additional features and growing number of included languages speed the adoption of the tool and enhance its industry reputation.

Visit OSV-Scanner

Pros

Condensed results save resolution time
Can ignore vulnerabilities by ID number
Still actively developed by Google

Cons

May lag single language open-source SCA tools
Only reviews open-source library vulnerabilities
Too new to include in certification education

Google launched OSV-Scanner in 2021 and made the tool both free and open-source as a resource for the developer community.

Continuous development: Extends the list of supported programming languages regularly: C/C++, Dart, Elixir, Go, Java, Javascript, PHP, Python, R, Ruby, and Rust.
Expansive sources: Pulls vulnerabilities from a huge number of sources, including Debian, Linux, Maven, npm, NuGet, OSS-Fuzz, Packagist, PyPl, and RubyGems.
Flexible deployment: Allows API, scriptable, and GitHub integrated calls to allow automation and integration with DevSecOp tools and processes.
Machine-readable reports: Stores information about affected versions in JSON, a machine-readable format to integrate with developer packages.
Thorough scans: Examines directories, software bill of materials (SBOMs), lockfiles, Debian-based docker images, or software running within Docker containers.

While powerful, OSV-Sanner only provides specialty SCA scanning. For broader DAST analysis capabilities from a website and application vulnerability scanner, consider ZAP.

CloudSploit – Best Specialty Scanner for Cloud & Containers

Overall Rating: 3.9/5

Open-source value: 4.1/5
Core scanning features: 3.8/5
Ease of use: 3.9/5
User support: 3.0/5

Aqua acquired and continues to maintain the open-sourced cloud-infrastructure scanning engine CloudSploit so that users can download, modify, and enjoy the benefits of the specialty tool. CloudSploit scans can be performed on-demand or configured to run continuously and feed alerts to security and DevOp teams. This tool examines cloud and container deployments not only for known vulnerabilities but also for common misconfiguration issues.

Visit CloudSploit

Pros

Uses RESTful interface for APIs
Each API call is separately trackable
Part of a portfolio of open-source security tools

Cons

Some features only available with paid version
Narrowly specialized tool; must be used with others
Focuses on public cloud infrastructure

CloudSploit provides free, open-source scanning and enjoys regular updates and features from Aqua. Aqua also offers additional scanning features with robust customer support through their Aqua Wave and Aqua Enterprise products.

Continuous auditing: Scans AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, Oracle Cloud, and other environments continuously to alert on changes to cloud infrastructure.
Integrated messaging: Sends real-time alerts and results via developer and security favorite tools such as Slack, Splunk, OpsGenie, Amazon SNS, and email.
Powerful APIs: Calls APIs from the command line, scripts, or build systems (Jenkins, CircleCL, AWS CodeBuild, etc.) with specific permissions granted by read/write controls.
Proactive notifications: Alerts on introduced vulnerabilities as they occur such as changed security groups, new SSH keys, deactivated MFA, deleted logs, and more.
Wide cloud support: Includes severities for plugins for the major public cloud platforms: Alibaba, AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform, GitHub, and Oracle.

CloudSploit examines cloud environments deeply for a variety of risks, but for broader infrastructure scanning that also encompasses local environments, consider Nmap.

sqlmap – Best Specialty Scanner for Databases

Overall Rating: 3.8/5

Open-source value: 4.1/5
Core scanning features: 3.8/5
Ease of use: 3.2/5
User support: 3.9/5

The sqlmap tool qualifies for a position on this list, with an extremely focused but capable database vulnerability scanning tool. Although limited in scope, database testing tends to be a critical component in ecommerce, card payments, and other financial services that require heavy compliance and security testing. This tool requires programming and database experience to use, but provides powerful capabilities to test for common database problems.

Visit sqlmap

Pros

Can run on any Python interpreters
Searches specific database names and tables
Can exclude false positives from future scans

Cons

Command-line tool with no graphic user interface
Very specialized tool for specific vulnerabilities
Requires database expertise to use effectively

The sqlmap tool is open-source and free to use.

Direct connections: Attaches directly to the database for testing via DBMS credentials, IP address, port, and database name.
Programmable testing: Enables callable (code or GitHub) integration, execution of arbitrary commands, retrieval of standard outputs, and reporting.
SQLi specialist: Performs six types of SQL injection types: boolean-based blind, time-based blind, error-based, UNION query-based, stacked queries, and out-of-band.
Password support: Automatically recognizes and uses password hashes for testing with permitted access and also can perform password cracking.
Widely compatible: Supports 35+ database management systems including MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, SAP MaxDB, Access, Redshift, Apache Ignite, and more.

While very effective, sqlmap requires Python and database programming skills to use. For a broader tool with a graphical user interface, consider ZAP instead.

Top 5 Features of Open-Source Vulnerability Scanners

While very different in purpose, all open-source tools share the same features in common: asset scanning specialties, quality vulnerability scans, code available to the public, a community of professional users, and up-to-date databases of vulnerabilities.

Asset Specialization

All vuln scanners focus on specific categories of assets, such as devices, websites, and applications. Even specialty scanners tend to focus on a specific subset of these broader categories. For example, sqlmap focuses on a very specific set of tests for a sub-category of applications: databases.

Effective Vulnerability Scanning

Effective vulnerability scanners must perform rigorous scans and produce usable reports to obtain industry acceptance. Open-source scanners may be free, but their scanning capabilities must also remain top notch for industry professionals to continue their use.

Open-Source Code

To qualify as an open-source tool, the source code for the tool must be publicly published and available for review. To make this list, I incorporated the frequency and the type of updates into the scoring, so open-source tools no longer updated failed to qualify. Open-source tools may not always be free, but these top tools also all offer at least a free version.

Professional User Community

Open-source tools typically lack formal product support and instead rely upon a broad community of professionals to provide mutual product support. The top tools also benefit from inclusion in cybersecurity or hacking certification or other industry training that spreads knowledge about the tool and increases the user base.

Updated Vulnerability Database

To deliver effective scans, vuln scanners must tap into a quality vulnerability database with an updated threat feed or vulnerability list. Open-source scanners tap into public databases with constant updates and these winners often incorporate multiple public sources for improved libraries of vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, and other issues.

How I Evaluated the Best Open-Source Vulnerability Scanners

In my examination of open-source vulnerability scanners, I compared them across four categories composed of additional subcriteria related to each category. The weighted scores then generated scores out of five points for each tool and the top six tools overall made the final cut. These tools were then classified into their specific scanning categories for direct comparison: device scanning, web and app scanning, and specialty scanning.

Evaluation Criteria

In the evaluation, I weighted the open-source value the highest to favor the most regularly updated tools. The core scanning features also received heavy weight so updates and capabilities delivered 70% of the score. I also considered and evaluated ease of use and user support, but with much less weight considering the do-it-yourself nature of open-source tools.

Open-source value (40%): Considers the frequency of code updates, vulnerability updates, if updates add features or just fixes, and the perceived quality of the scan.
- Criterion winner: ZAP
Core scanning features (30%): Compares scanning capabilities across asset types, applications, programming languages, containers, etc.
- Criterion winner: Nmap
Ease of use (20%): Looks at the technical level required, vulnerability management integrations, installation requirements, and the expected rates for false positives.
- Criterion winner: ZAP
User support (10%): Examines the support available through certification training, community forums, and professional peers as well as reporting and automation.
- Criterion winner: OpenVAS

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What Are the Benefits of Using Open-Source Vulnerability Scanners?

Open-source vulnerability scanners are generally free to use and quick to download, deploy, and use. Furthermore, they tend to be used by hackers and provide an attacker’s point of view.

Are Open-Source Vulnerability Scanners as Effective as Proprietary Ones?

Open-source tools provide most of the capabilities of proprietary tools, but proprietary tools add proprietary vulnerability research, additional features, additional integration options with vulnerability management tools, and more full-service support.

Who Shouldn’t Use an Open-Source Vulnerability Scanner?

Time-pressured or less technical teams should use commercial vulnerability scanning tools or vulnerability-management-as-a-service (VMaaS) to save time or for additional help since open-source tools require technical expertise and more time to use them effectively.

Can Penetration Testing Tools Be Used for Vulnerability Scans?

Penetration testing tools such as Wireshark, Metasploit, or Aircrack-Ng can be used to conduct vulnerability scans, but these tools lack the extensive vulnerability libraries, reporting, and ticketing tool integration of a vulnerability scanning tool.

Bottom Line: Vulnerability Scans Start & Verify Security Processes

Open-source tools extend vulnerability scanning capabilities to budget-strained organizations and allow teams of all sizes to test assets and controls for vulnerabilities. To pick the best option, first consider the types of assets to scan and then compare the capabilities of the best open-source and commercially available tools and acquire the best fit. Yet even the best tool can use backup, so always consider at least one open-source alternative as a second option.

Still, knowledge of vulnerabilities only kick-starts the security process. Many vulnerabilities need verification through penetration testing, fixes need to be developed for issues beyond patch management, and then vulnerability scans must be repeated to test the fixes. Be sure to implement the full vulnerability management and remediation cycle to minimize risk exposure.

To further explore security processes to prevent attacks, read more about the differences between vulnerability scanning and penetration testing.

Julien Maury contributed to this article.

The post 6 Top Open-Source Vulnerability Scanners & Tools appeared first on eSecurity Planet.

6 Best Single Sign-On (SSO) Providers & Solutions in 2024

Jenna Phipps — Mon, 11 Mar 2024 12:59:03 +0000

Single sign-on solutions are security software products that typically fall under the identity and access management (IAM) umbrella. SSO products help teams manage user identities, both employees and customers, and grant and limit their access to company applications. They play a critical role in protecting sensitive data and applications because SSO reduces password sprawl and limits the time window in which a threat actor could hack an application.

Here are our top six selections for the best SSO solutions:

Okta: Best overall SSO solution for a mix of pricing and features
OneLogin: Best solution for sandboxing and DevSecOps teams
Microsoft Entra ID: Best SSO option for Windows environments
JumpCloud: Best product for Linux users and multi-platform teams
Ping Identity: Best for a mix of identity orchestration and access policies
CyberArk: Best SSO solution for native user behavior analytics

Okta

Best Overall SSO Solution for Pricing & Features

Overall Rating: 4.6/5

Core features: 4.8/5
Integrations: 5/5
Advanced features: 5/5
Usability and administration: 3.3/5
Pricing: 5/5
Customer support: 4.4/5

Okta is a well-established IAM and SSO provider offering a slew of identity management features, including temporary access and device assurance policies. Consider Okta if your business uses a lot of applications; because Okta offers thousands of prebuilt app connectors, it’s one of the best SSO solutions for protecting large software ecosystems. Okta also has a transparent pricing structure, allowing teams to pick and choose the features they need.

Visit Okta

Okta is a fantastic IAM and single sign-on product for many businesses, but it may be too expensive for very small businesses. Consider OneLogin if you’re looking for a less expensive bundled feature set.

Pros & Cons

Pros	Cons
Huge selection of IAM features	Lacks email support
Developer platform available	Doesn’t support Linux devices
Connects with over 7,000 applications	Prices for multiple features can quickly add up

Pricing

SSO: $2 per user per month
MFA: $3 per user per month
Lifecycle Management: $4 per user per month
Workflows: $4+ per user per month up to 50 flows
Annual contract minimum: $1,500
Free trial: 30 days

Key Features

Identity governance: Admins can approve users’ application access requests and view compliance-minded reports.
Privileged access: Develop custom approval processes and integrate with Okta’s Access Request features.
Device assurance policies: Create and manage policies to allow or deny specific devices based on criteria like applied patches.
No-code custom branding: Customize your login pages so they fit your organization’s overall brand.

OneLogin

Best Solution for Sandboxing & DevSecOps Teams

Overall Rating: 4.5/5

Core features: 5/5
Integrations: 4.8/5
Advanced features: 2.9/5
Usability and administration: 4.5/5
Pricing: 5/5
Customer support: 4.4/5

OneLogin is an enterprise-grade IAM platform for both workforces and customers, offering MFA, advanced directory features, and mobile identity management. OneLogin is particularly suited to developer teams, with a command line tool, an API, and sandboxing that allow teams to test identity processes while they’re still in development. Consider OneLogin for your DevSecOps teams if they want to closely configure your company’s IAM processes.

Visit OneLogin

OneLogin doesn’t have some features like temporary access and drag-and-drop workflows, so if your team needs those features, consider Okta instead. Like OneLogin, it also offers a developer program and sandboxing.

Pros & Cons

Pros	Cons
Developer platform available	Lacks temporary access features
Wide range of core features	Lacks drag-and-drop workflows
Available as a managed service	Doesn’t support Linux devices

Pricing

Advanced plan: $4+ per user per month when bundled
Professional plan: $8+ per user per month when bundled
SMB pricing: Specialized pricing options available for businesses under 50 employees
Free trial: 30 days

Key Features

Sandboxing: Teams can test their IAM configurations before pushing final changes to end users.
OneLogin Access: Sync access to your cloud and on-premises apps using OneLogin’s unified access management product.
Onboarding and offboarding: Manage your user identity lifecycles, including deactivating their access to company apps.
Smart Hooks: This product allows teams to customize their own identity workflows with serverless code.

Microsoft Entra ID

Best SSO Option for Windows Environments

Overall Rating: 4.3/5

Core features: 4.8/5
Integrations: 4.7/5
Advanced features: 4.3/5
Usability and administration: 4.4/5
Pricing: 5/5
Customer support: 1.6/5

Microsoft Entra ID is an identity governance and management platform that’s particularly suited to existing Windows organizations. It natively integrates with other Microsoft products like Sentinel and Defender for Cloud, sharing information between the products so customers can sync their security data and reduce excessive cloud permissions. Key features to highlight include passwordless authentication, lifecycle management, and custom session length.

Visit Microsoft Entra ID

Microsoft isn’t as transparent about its customer support availability as some of the other vendors on this list. If you’re looking for multiple support channels, consider CyberArk — it also has drag-and-drop identity workflow options, like Entra ID.

Pros & Cons

Pros	Cons
Plenty of core and advanced IAM features	Doesn’t support Linux devices
Available as a cloud-based service	Limited drag-and-drop workflow functionality
Support for both cloud and on-premises apps	Support team availability is unclear

Pricing

Free plan: Offers some partial IAM features
Entra ID P1: $6 per user per month
Entra ID P2: $9 per user per month
Free trial: 30 days

Key Features

Passwordless authentication: Use texts, keys, or biometrics to log into your business applications.
Conditional access: Factors like location and session risk help Entra ID decide whether to allow application access.
Privileged identity management: Limit application usage with just-in-time access and just enough access.
User management: All employees have an interface that allows them to manage their own accounts, applications, and groups.

JumpCloud

Best Product for Linux Users & Multi-Platform Teams

Overall Rating: 4.2/5

Core features: 4.3/5
Integrations: 4.3/5
Advanced features: 3.5/5
Usability and administration: 3.3/5
Pricing: 5/5
Customer support: 4.9/5

JumpCloud is an SSO vendor with plenty of core identity and access management features and multiple customer support channels, including phone and email. As the only vendor on our list that supports Linux devices, it’s ideal for businesses that use all three major operating systems — JumpCloud can be installed on macOS and Windows too. JumpCloud also supports multiple mobile devices; consider it for teams that rely heavily on mobile and are frequently on the go.

Visit JumpCloud

JumpCloud doesn’t offer drag-and-drop workflows, so if that’s important to your security team, consider CyberArk — it also offers mobile device management features. But keep in mind that none of the other options on our list support Linux devices.

Pros & Cons

Pros	Cons
Supports all three major operating systems	Lacks drag-and-drop workflow functionality
Mobile device management available for BYOD	Unclear whether it’s available as a service
Multiple support channels available	Integration catalog can be hard to search

Pricing

SSO: $11 per user per month, billed annually
Core Directory: $13 per user per month, billed annually
Platform: $19 per user per month, billed annually
Platform Prime: $24 per user per month, billed annually
Free trial: 30 days

Key Features

Patch management: Teams can automate patching procedures for Windows, macOS, Ubuntu Linux, and web browsers.
HRIS integrations: JumpCloud offers multiple HR software connectors, including Paylocity and BambooHR.
Lifecycle management: Perform employee onboarding and onboarding and manage all remote users.
Custom session length: Change your organization’s user session length based on your security requirements.

Ping Identity

Best for a Mix of Identity Orchestration & Access Policies

Overall Rating: 4.1/5

Core features: 4.8/5
Integrations: 4.3/5
Advanced features: 3.3/5
Usability and administration: 3.7/5
Pricing: 3.8/5
Customer support: 4.4/5

Ping Identity is an identity orchestration, SSO, and access management product for businesses of all sizes. Its key features include drag-and-drop identity management workflows, passwordless authentication, and customizable branding. Consider Ping if you want to deeply customize your business’s identity processes — its drag-and-drop configurations give both experienced and junior employees plenty of room to tailor workflows based on company needs.

Visit Ping Identity

Ping is a great choice for easy-to-use identity workflows, but it lacks privileged access management features. Consider CyberArk if your business needs both identity orchestration and privilege access management capabilities.

Pros & Cons

Pros	Cons
Strong identity orchestration capabilities	Lacks privilege access management
Supports both cloud and on-premises apps	No temporary SSO access
24/7 support for severe cases and outages	Doesn’t support Linux devices

Pricing

Essential: $20,000+ per year
Plus: $40,000+ per year
Premium: Custom pricing
Free trial: 30 days

Key Features

Identity orchestration: Use drag-and-drop to create identity workflows customized to your business’s needs.
Passwordless sign-on: Businesses can use other authentication methods, like biometrics, to reduce password risks.
Custom branding: Use Ping’s branding options to customize your team’s registration and verification pages.
Conditional access: Through an integration with Azure Active Directory, grant conditional access to users.

CyberArk

Best SSO Solution for Native User Behavioral Analytics

Overall Rating: 3.8/5

Core features: 4.2/5
Integrations: 4.3/5
Advanced features: 4.8/5
Usability and administration: 2.6/5
Pricing: 2/5
Customer support: 4.9/5

CyberArk is an identity and SSO provider that offers no-code, drag-and-drop identity workflows for teams of any experience level. It’s a strong choice for businesses looking for a clear identity visualization product. Another area where CyberArk really shines is in its behavioral analytics product: It offers detailed reports for compliance and AI-based log assessments, and it’s a useful resource for security teams that want to perform advanced analytics.

Visit CyberArk

While CyberArk has fantastic identity orchestration features, it lacks transparent pricing, so if you’re looking for a platform with analytics and more transparent pricing, consider Okta. It offers orchestration, security analytics, and detailed pricing information.

Pros & Cons

Pros	Cons
Detailed behavioral analytics	Lacks transparent pricing
Extensive identity orchestration capabilities	Limited conditional access functionality
Multiple customer support channels	CyberArk’s encryption procedures are unclear

Pricing

Contact for quote: Custom pricing available
Free trial: 30 days

Key Features

Privilege access management: Manage policies that enforce security for all your privilege access accounts.
Custom user sessions: Admins can adjust the length of an SSO session for increased or decreased security.
Custom branding: CyberArk has multiple customization options, including background images and colors.
User provisioning: Automated lifecycle management features include provisioning accounts and flagging unmanaged accounts.

How We Evaluated the Best Single Sign-On Solutions

To select the best SSO solutions, we created a product rubric that analyzed software using six major categories. Each category had a specific weight and included subcriteria with their own weighting. Each SSO product’s total score was determined by how many subcriteria it met. The six products that scored highest on our rubric made the final list. The final scores and our broader product research helped us determine the use cases for our top options.

Evaluation Criteria

In our main six categories, we first evaluated core features, such as MFA, workflows, and mobile functionality. Then we looked at integrations, including prebuilt CRM, service desk, and cybersecurity connectors, and advanced features like temporary access. Usability and administration included criteria like documentation and vendor encryption. Lastly, we looked at availability of pricing plans and customer support channels.

Core features (25%): We evaluated key features like MFA, workflow templates, and user provisioning.
- Criterion winner: OneLogin
Integrations (20%): We rated products based on number of integrations, specific connector options, and Active Directory integrations.
- Criterion winner: Okta
Advanced features (15%): Our selections for advanced features included passwordless authentication and temporary SSO access.
- Criterion winner: Okta
Usability and administration (15%): We scored products based on functionality like support for mobile devices and different operating systems.
- Criterion winner: OneLogin
Pricing (15%): We looked at pricing plan availability and transparency, billing options, and free product trials.
- Criterion winner: Multiple winners
Customer support (10%): We considered factors like phone and email support and demo availability.
- Criterion winner: Multiple winners

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How Does SSO Work?

Single sign-on solutions use authentication tokens to verify a valid user session. If a user registers with an SSO or IAM solution, any application connected to the SSO product will recognize the user’s token. If the user has already logged in and their session is still active, the requested application will clear their authentication token and they can enter. If they haven’t logged in or their session is no longer active, the browser will prompt them to log in again.

Why Is SSO Needed?

SSO reduces the number of account passwords that business owners need to remember and allows them to easily log into multiple applications for only a set amount of time. Short session lengths reduce the opportunity for an attacker to hack a user account and do significant damage.

Other features adjacent to SSO, like identity lifecycle management and privilege access management, help businesses closely manage their users’ accounts and permissions. This reduces opportunities for threat actors, whether internal or external, to take advantage of sensitive applications they shouldn’t be accessing. It also increases business visibility of the ways and times users are accessing apps so they can more easily detect anomalies.

Is SSO a Security Risk?

Overall, SSO is designed to improve business security by streamlining application passwords and requiring knowledge that only the user should have or know. But in rare cases, if a threat actor breaches an SSO account, they’ll have access to all the user’s connected applications, not just one or two. SSO does pose risks, as any software solutions do, but its benefits outweigh potential security drawbacks. Just make sure you pair SSO with other security measures.

Bottom Line: SSO Is One Part of a Strong IAM Strategy

Single sign-on and other products within the broader IAM category help businesses manage large numbers of users and their ability to access applications and data. The more employees and applications you have, the more critical SSO is. While it’s a useful tool for reducing password sprawl and security issues, it’s most beneficial when used with a range of IAM features, like privileged access and identity lifecycle management.

Next, check out our buyer’s guide for identity and access management tools to learn more about IAM.

Drew Robb contributed to this article.

The post 6 Best Single Sign-On (SSO) Providers & Solutions in 2024 appeared first on eSecurity Planet.

Types of Encryption, Methods & Use Cases

Chad Kime — Thu, 07 Dec 2023 17:51:48 +0000

Encryption scrambles data to make it unreadable to those without decryption keys. Proper use of encryption preserves secrecy and radically lowers the potential damage of a successful cybersecurity attack.

The understanding of different encryption types will often be confused by the many possible, inconsistent, and confusing ways that “encryption type” can be used. To minimize confusion, this article explains and classifies encryption types, explores what encryption will be best for which situation, and discusses how to effectively use encryption through the following topics:

For a more basic overview of encryption, consider reading: What Is Encryption? Definition, How it Works, & Examples.

Classifications of Encryption Types

To avoid confusion, let’s examine the different ways ‘type’ can be applied to encryption and how we will cover them in this article:

Encryption category types will explain the overarching and basic categories of classification for encryption, including the two most important: symmetric and asymmetric encryption.
Encryption algorithm types will provide an overview of the mathematical algorithms used to encrypt data (AES, RSA, etc.), their significance, and their pros and cons.
Encryption tool types will discuss the major classifications of encryption tools available for use by an organization.

Although each is a ‘type’ of encryption, some sources mix these together, which can be confusing for those trying to understand encryption. We provide the additional distinctions to help better explain how encryption works and to better illustrate the tool to use for specific use cases.

Encryption Category Types

An encryption category type provides an overarching classification that encompasses multiple encryption algorithms or tool types. These conceptual buckets provide definitions that help to define the inherent weaknesses and strengths of families of algorithms and tools.

The two most important encryption categories are symmetric and asymmetric encryption. These critical encryption concepts encompass the vast majority of encryption algorithms and tools currently in wide use and can be used in combination for secure communication.

Other important categories of encryption categories include:

Homomorphic encryption, which continues to rise in importance with the processing of sensitive and regulated data.
Block ciphers process plain text in fixed-sized chunks for encryption.
Format-preserving encryption (FPE) used to create encrypted fields with specific formatting and length requirements for databases.
Stream ciphers process data as it passes through the algorithm and is used in communication.

We will also briefly discuss hashing, which is often associated with encryption but is not actually a type of encryption.

Symmetric Cryptography: Best for Speed

Symmetric cryptography uses the same concept as shared keys for a house — one or more individuals use an identical key to unlock the lock for access. Symmetric encryption works much the same way — to encrypt and decrypt messages with a single, shared key.

How symmetric key encryption works using the same key.

Users can establish a symmetric key to share private messages through a secure channel, like a password manager. Unfortunately, while symmetric encryption is a faster method, it is also less secure because sharing the key exposes it to theft.

Phishing and social engineering are common ways threat actors can obtain a symmetric key, but cryptanalysis and brute force attempts can also break symmetric key ciphers. Symmetric encryption is often used for drive encryption, WiFi encryption, and other use cases where speed performance is paramount and a password can be safely shared.

Modern algorithms use variable input, variable key lengths, and multiple rounds to compensate for symmetric key weaknesses.

Asymmetric Cryptography: Best for Sharing

Asymmetric cryptography works more like providing a code to unlock a small panel in an otherwise locked door for deliveries. The shared public key of asymmetric cryptology can encrypt documents, but decryption requires the use of a private key that is not intended to be shared.

How asymmetric encryption uses different large prime numbers in encryption and decryption.

Although more complicated and expensive to implement, asymmetric encryption ensures secure communications over distributed networks without exposing the encryption keys to theft. Asymmetric encryption does not use multiple rounds for encryption but instead uses variable-length, large sized prime numbers.

The larger key sizes and prime number calculations can take much longer to process than symmetric encryption; however, asymmetric algorithm public keys can be published to enable much more secure sharing of encrypted files.

The asymmetry of the algorithm enables either of the keys to encrypt the data, but that same key cannot be used for decryption. Typical examples of use include:

Sender encrypts data with recipient’s public key; recipient decrypts data with their private key.
Sender encrypts data with their own private key to verify the source of a document and re-encrypts the data with the recipient’s public key for security; the recipient uses their private key to access the message and uses the sender’s public key to decrypt the message.

	Symmetric	Asymmetric
Keys	1 – Private	2 – Public and Private
Bits	128 – 192 – 256	2,048 – 4,096
Speed	Faster	Slower
Overhead	Less complex and expensive and use less memory and processing power	More complex and expensive and use more memory and processing power
Security Risk	Vulnerable to key theft, should not be used for sharing encrypted data, quantum computers can guess keys	Quantum computers can guess keys
Examples	AES, Blowfish, 3DES	DHM, RSA, ECC
Use Cases	Full drive encryption, WiFi data encryption	Website communication, proving identity

Symmetric + Asymmetric Encryption

Software developers and organizations increasingly use both symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods to give users speed and security in communication. A common example is the standard Transfer Layer Security (TLS) protocol used to enable secure website browsing.

Also known as hybrid encryption, the bundle of the two methods usually starts with a handshake between users through asymmetric cryptography to establish security. Within the asymmetric connection, parties then securely share symmetric algorithms keys to enable faster processing of messages.

Homomorphic Encryption

Homomorphic encryption allows for a set of limited operations on ciphertext without decrypting the message. Homomorphic models include:

Partial homomorphic encryption (PHE) for algorithms that can perform a single operation on encrypted data.
Somewhat homomorphic encryption (SHE) for algorithms capable of performing two operations on encrypted data.
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) for algorithms capable of the broadest range of operations on encrypted data.

Google, IBM, and Microsoft continue to explore FHE capabilities to process specific data while maintaining its secrecy and have released open-source encryption libraries. However, these techniques lack widespread adoption or incorporation into commercial tools.

Block Ciphers

Encryption algorithms operate on chunks of data to render them unreadable without a proper decryption key. Block cipher encryption uses fixed-sized blocks of data such as 128 or 64 bit blocks. Many symmetric algorithms are block ciphers; asymmetric algorithms use different key lengths, so technically they are not block ciphers because there is a variable block length between the public and private keys.

When the plaintext to be encrypted is shorter than the block length, the data is padded by the algorithm to reach the block length before encryption. Data longer than the block length will be broken into smaller blocks prior to encryption and also padded if the smaller blocks fall below the block size.

A weakness of block ciphers is that encryption of identical, full-sized plaintext blocks can yield identical encrypted blocks, which can enable brute force detection of keys. Algorithms avoid this issue by using multiple passes of different block sizes or by applying variable-input-length algorithms to the data before it is processed by the encryption algorithm.

Format-Preserving Encryption (FPE)

The category of format-preserving encryption addresses the storage of encrypted data in legacy databases with strictly defined formats and field lengths. These databases cannot tolerate variances caused by many encryption algorithms that intentionally add padding to short encryption to obscure the length of the original data or convert both letters and numbers into hexadecimal code.

For example, the Social Security number “111-11-1111” might be encoded into the plaintext numeric code of “049049 049049 049049 049049 049,” which cannot be used in a database with a limit of 9 characters. Format preserving algorithms will instead transform the number into a 9-character numeric string so that the database utility will be preserved.

Format-preserving encryption can use existing encryption algorithms, such as AES (see below). However, programmers typically incorporate specially designed algorithms so specialized that we will not cover them in more detail in this article, such as the Thorp Shuffle, Variable Input Length (VIL) Ciphers, and the Hasty Pudding Cipher.

Streaming Ciphers

When sending data through a high-speed router or switch, the full size of the data will be unknown. Storing the data until it reaches a specific block size can cause unacceptable delays for processing and transmission.

Streaming ciphers solve the problem by using a key to encrypt data one bit at a time. Streaming ciphers are symmetric algorithms that use a secret key to feed a random number generator. Asymmetric keys cannot usually be used for streaming encryption because the block sizes cannot be known. The wired equivalent privacy (WEP) and Wi-Fi protected access (WPA) algorithms incorporate streaming ciphers to encode Wi-fi data transmissions.

Not Really Encryption: Hashing

Although associated with the verification of the integrity of a file, hashing algorithms such as the 128-bit message digest algorithm (MD-5) or the eight 32-bit-word secure hash algorithm (SHA-256) do not change the data of a file. Instead, the algorithm analyzes the bits of the contents to create a single number that represents the contents.

An added space or deleted letter will create a completely different hash value for a file, so hash values will often be used to verify that a file has not been altered during a copying or transmission process. However, since hashing algorithms leave the data in plaintext, hashing does not defend the data against unauthorized access.

Encryption Algorithm Types

Encryption algorithms are defined by the specific math formulas and the process required to perform an encryption transformation. While cryptologists develop many different algorithms, this article will focus on the main encryption algorithms adopted for use in IT data encryption:

DES
3DES
Blowfish
Twofish
DHM
RSA
AES
ECC
Post-quantum

DES: The Data Encryption Standard

The need for a government-wide standard to encrypt sensitive information became evident as early as 1973. The U.S. National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or NIST) made a public request for potential ciphers.

IBM and lead cryptographer Horst Feistel soon proposed a symmetric-key block cipher algorithm that became called the Data Encryption Standard (DES). By the 1990s, DES received wide criticism for its vulnerability to brute force attacks and its short key size.

Significance: First US national encryption standard
Pros: Fast, easy to use
Cons: Vulnerable to brute force attacks as early as the 1990s
Used for: Obsolete, replaced by TDES

Key Sizes	Block Sizes	Rounds	Structure
56 bits (+ 1 bit for parity)	64 bits	16	Feistel

TDES: The Triple Data Encryption Standard

Triple DES (TDES), or 3-DES, improves upon the original DES encryption algorithm with three stages of encryption using three different keys:

Stage 1: Key 1 used to encrypt plaintext data.
Stage 2: Key 2 used to decrypt the encrypted data from step 1 to create a new document (does not reproduce original document; it will not be readable in this form).
Stage 3: Key 3 used to re-crypt the data from step 2 to produce another encrypted document.

The symmetric block cipher TDES provides a dramatic improvement in strength over DES, but TDES has since been replaced by AES (see below). New applications no longer use TDES, but TDES-encrypted data can be found in legacy environments and Microsoft only retired 3DES from use within Office 365 in 2019.

Significance: Replaced DES
Pros: Much stronger than DES
Cons: Remains vulnerable to brute force attacks, quantum attacks
Used for: Obsolete, replaced by AES, however, legacy use remains for ATM pins, UNIX passwords, older payment systems

Key Sizes	Block Sizes	Rounds	Structure
112 or 168 bits	64 bits	16 rounds per stage	Feistel

Blowfish

Bruce Schneier developed the symmetric block cipher Blowfish to replace the DES in 1993. The Blowfish encryption algorithm was released to the public without a required license and is known for its flexibility, speed, and resilience compared to other older encryption standards.

The algorithm uses 64-bit block sizes and encrypts them individually over 16 rounds using a key length between 32 and 448 bits. Each round consists of four actions that further scramble the data for encryption processing. This standard is not recommended to be used on files greater than 4 GB due to its small block size.

Significance: Early open-source encryption tool, replaced by Twofish
Pros: Fast, fairly secure, free
Cons: Vulnerable to brute force and quantum attacks, slow for key changes
Used for: Still in use for password management; file and disk encryption; older Secure Shell (SSH) protocol tools (OpenSSH, PuTTY, etc.); and is embedded in Linux and OpenBSD operating systems

Key Sizes	Block Sizes	Rounds	Structure
32 to 448 bits	64 bits	16	Feistel

Twofish

Twofish offers a next generation version of Blowfish developed in 1998 that uses keys between 128 and 256 bits long, block sizes between 128 and 256 bits, and 16 rounds of encryption. While more complex than Blowfish, the symmetric block cipher encryption is optimized for 32 bit CPUs, which enables better performance.

As with Blowfish, Twofish has also been made available in the public domain, allowing free use and incorporation of the algorithm into applications. While competitive with AES in speed on generic hardware, AES can be significantly faster using AES hardware acceleration.

Significance: Replaced Blowfish, but remains smaller in adoption
Pros: Stronger encryption than Blowfish, fast performance
Cons: Not as fast as AES with hardware accelerators, theoretically vulnerable to quantum brute force attacks
Used for: File and folder encryption

Key Sizes	Block Sizes	Rounds	Structure
128, 192, or 256 bits	128 to 256 bits	16	Feistel

DHM: Diffie-Hellman-Merkle Introduces Key Exchange

Merkle (left), Hellman (center), and Diffie (right) at Stanford in 1977. (Chuck Painter / Stanford News Service)

Shortly after the release of DES, three computer scientists – Whitfield Diffie, Martin Hellman, and Ralph Merkle – published their research on public-private key cryptography in 1976. Their Diffie-Hellman-Merkle (DHM) key exchange pioneered asymmetric encryption and supported much longer key lengths of 2,048 to 4,096 bits.

Significance: First asymmetric encryption algorithm published
Pros: More secure for sharing information than symmetric algorithms
Cons: Not widely adopted, more resource intensive, vulnerable to brute force attack
Used for: Not widely adopted

RSA Encryption

A year after DHM’s release, three cryptographers – Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman – developed the asymmetric RSA public-key cryptosystem. The three innovators and MIT patented the RSA algorithm, a proprietary system available through RSA Security until its public release in 2000. The RSA algorithm remains the most popular public key cryptographic system today and introduced the concept of digital signatures for authentication outside of academia.

The RSA algorithm originators (right to left): Adi Shamir, Ron Rivest, and Leonard Adleman.

RSA depends on multiplying two very large randomized prime numbers to create a third, even larger prime number. While it’s very difficult for most computers to factor these prime numbers quickly, the algorithm has been found vulnerable to quantum computing attacks and tends to be a slow algorithm to implement. The algorithm is now in the public domain and RSA calculators websites can be used to examine how the process works.

Significance: First commercially available public key, asymmetric algorithm
Pros: Enables secure sharing
Cons: Slow to implement, vulnerable to brute force attacks (especially quantum-powered)
Used for: Secure messaging, payments, small encrypted files

AES: The Advanced Encryption Standard

In 1997, the NIST renewed its call to the public cryptography community for the successor to DES. Two Dutch cryptographers – Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen – submitted the eventual pick known as Rijndael. By 2001, the NIST dubbed it the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and officially replaced the use of DES. AES offered larger and different key sizes with a family of ciphers to choose from and remains one of the most popular standards over 20 years later. AES encrypts data over 10-14 rounds in block sizes of 128 bits and with key sizes between 128 and 256 bits.

While both DES and AES use symmetric block ciphers, AES uses a substitution-permutation network wherein plaintext goes through multiple rounds of substitution (S-box) and permutation (P-box) before finalizing the ciphertext block. Similarly, a client or application can decrypt the AES message by reversing these S-box and P-box transformations.

Most organizations use one of the AES algorithms for file encryption, full-disk encryption, application encryption, wifi transmission encryption, virtual public network (VPN) encryption, and encrypted protocols such as transport layer security (TLS).

Significance: Most widely adopted symmetric, block cipher algorithm
Pros: More secure than legacy encryption, faster than asymmetric options
Cons: Vulnerable to key theft and brute force attacks
Used for: Protocols, VPN, full-disk encryption, Wi-Fi transmission encryption

Key Sizes	Block Sizes	Rounds	Structure
128, 192, 256 bits	128 bits	10, 12, 14	SP-network

ECC: Elliptic-Curve Cryptography

Professors at the University of Washington and Columbia University independently published research in 1985 on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), but it didn’t come into widespread implementation until the mid-2000s. Like RSA, ECC is an asymmetric encryption algorithm, but instead of using prime numbers, it uses elliptic curves to generate public and private keys.

The use of elliptic curves enables equivalent security with smaller key sizes than RSA, which enables faster execution of the encryption and decryption algorithms. ECC has proven to be a popular alternative choice to RSA but has also been found to be vulnerable to threats such as twist-security and side-channel attacks.

Significance: Popular asymmetric encryption alternative to RSA
Pros: Faster than RSA and uses smaller key sizes, more secure for sharing than symmetric encryption algorithms
Cons: Vulnerable to twist-security, side-channel, and quantum-powered attacks
Used for: Email encryption, cryptocurrency digital signatures, internet communication protocols

What Is Next? Post-Quantum Cryptography

Based on quantum mechanics rather than mathematical operations, quantum computers can utilize Shor’s algorithm to find prime factors much more rapidly than traditional computers. This allows an attacker with access to a large enough quantum computer to break asymmetric standards like DHM, RSA, and ECC by determining an organization’s private key from the public key.

Although not commonly available, the development of quantum computers is seen as a near future certainty. Data stolen today may be securely encrypted using today’s standards and uncrackable for the next 5-10 years. However, if the attacker who stole the information gains access to affordable quantum computing resources in the future, the encryption may easily be broken.

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) describes research, algorithms, and vendors developed to address quantum attacks and secure the next generation of IT environments and data. The NIST and the US National Security Agency (NSA) started to release algorithms and resources in 2022 against quantum threats.

Still, research remains in early stages, so initial standards remain in draft form and a full mitigation architecture for federal agencies isn’t expected until the 2030s. Currently, the four recognized algorithms include:

CRYSTALS-Kyber (FIPS 203) defines an algorithm incorporated into an asymmetric key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) standard designed to allow for quantum-resistant sharing of secure keys over public channels.
CRYSTALS-Dilithium (FIPS 204) defines an algorithm incorporated into a standard to create quantum-resistant digital signature schemes to verify sources and identities.
SPHINCS+ (FIPS 205) defines an algorithm incorporated into a stateless hash-based, quantum-resistant digital signature standard to verify sources and identities.
FALCON (FIPS pending) will define an algorithm and a digital signature standard based on fast-fourier lattices.

Encryption Tool Types

Information technology uses encryption to protect data at rest and data in transit in many different ways. The broadest applications of encryption include:

Encrypted data transmission protocols
Full disk encryption
File encryption
Email encryption
Application Embedded Encryption
Digital certificates

While these are the solutions most often purchased and deployed, encryption can also be found incorporated into security solutions such as cloud access security brokers (CASB), next-generation firewalls (NGFW), password managers, virtual private networks (VPN), and web application firewalls (WAF).

Encrypted Data Transmission Protocols

Many fundamental protocols incorporate encryption into their programming to provide universal protection invisible to most users. Major protocols include:

DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) enables the authentication of email senders by hosting a public key for an encrypted block of text in sent emails.
Internet protocol security (IPSec) provides encryption at the IP packet level and creates a secure tunnel for packets belonging to multiple users and hosts.
Kerberos provides single sign-on and user authentication against a central authentication and key distribution server by distributing authenticated tickets for securing and supporting authentication on a local area network.
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) provides a framework for doubly-encrypted transmission of data using an encrypted tunnel between devices.
Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (S/MIME) upgrades email security.
Secure Shell (SSH) secures remote terminals and provides support for single sign-on and secure tunneling for TCP streams.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) adds encryption, server authentication, and client authentication to communication between devices and applications and enables HTTPS connections.

Full Disk Encryption

To protect data at rest, an entire hard drive can be encapsulated within an encrypted container. This feature can be included in firmware, in operating systems, or as a feature in open-source, shareware, or commercial applications.

Full-disk encryption protects against the theft of the device or hard drive when they are powered down by rendering the contents of the device unreadable without the security key. However, these applications typically use symmetric encryption and are vulnerable to stolen keys. Additionally, full-disk encryption does not protect against data theft from the device when the device is powered on and the data is unencrypted for use.

File Encryption

File encryption protects data at rest while the device is powered on and the data is otherwise available for use. Encryption is applied on either a folder or individual file basis and decryption is applied as needed when the information is required.

File encryption tends to require more user interaction and is more difficult to apply on a universal basis than full disk encryption. File encryption can add strong security, but it remains vulnerable to stolen passwords and can be more vulnerable to lost passwords than full disk encryption, which may have an admin password established by IT.

Email Encryption

Email encryption places email content in encrypted containers for safe transmission using unencrypted email protocols. Email encryption options exist within major email tools, but many organizations choose to deploy additional tools with more robust options for deployment or encryption.

Application Embedded Encryption

Applications such as databases, websites, and other programs can incorporate encryption within the programming to protect data. Databases offer the most varied types of encryption for fields, columns, or entire database storage instances. Other types of encryption can detect and encrypt specific data types, such as credit card numbers and Social Security numbers, throughout the application.

Digital Certificates

Digital certificates provide publicly published keys that can be used to verify identity or to encrypt and decrypt information. Certificates must be maintained with current information and replaced before they expire.

How to Choose an Encryption Type or Algorithm

When selecting encryption types, enterprises should first consider their security requirements based upon the organization’s risk. Risk defines the most important data in the organization from a financial, operational, and regulatory perspective, which aids in determining where and how encryption can protect that data.

Effective risk analysis requires effective classification of data, an accurate inventory of data locations, and an effective picture of how the most important data flows through the organization. The risk analysis will determine the security needs, and then a range of encryption solutions should be considered, not just the type of tool that is most commonly used or the most convenient to apply.

The top features of a commercial tool (other than cost) to consider include:

Centralized policy management
Speed of the tool
Key management and automation
Support for hardware-based cryptographic acceleration
Ability to report for compliance
Monitoring, logging, and auditing capabilities
Operating system (OS) support
Installation and configuration processes
Impact on operations and user experience
Encryption algorithm options
Legacy encryption support

Unfortunately, encryption can result in loss of functionality, decreased performance, and even lost data, depending upon factors such as:

User error
Memory and hard drive requirements vs. available resources
Required changes to infrastructure
Required changes to devices

Solutions that require extensive changes to the infrastructure and end user devices should generally be used only when other options cannot meet the enterprise’s security needs. After selecting a tool, an organization may have the option to select from multiple available security algorithms. They should consider whether this algorithm is current or obsolete, is validated or untested, and suits the use case.

In addition to tool and algorithm considerations, an organization should also consider the way in which the encryption can be obtained and the economic consequences:

Direct tool purchase offers the potential for one-time pricing and professional customer support but can become obsolete or may be narrowly focused.
Open-source software will generally be free but will lack professional customer support, require the most resources to implement, may become obsolete, and will usually be narrowly focused on how it can be used.
Add-on encryption is often a service provided by specific vendors for specific use cases, such as a cloud provider’s cloud storage encryption added to protect cloud resources.
Encryption as a service offers a broad range of encryption options, will be continuously updated, and requires the least effort to manage; however, this option involves giving up control of company secrets to an outside party.

The selection of a tool can be a collaborative and iterative process. Affected users should be involved in testing encryption tools and deployment can be rolled out in stages to avoid disruptions and data loss. As with security, encryption should be applied in layers appropriate for the use: database, local file, email, or entire drives.

Bottom Line: Encryption Adds a Strong Layer to a Security Stack

Encryption may be required by compliance standards and customers expect important data will be encrypted for protection and to guard against theft. However, encryption alone will not fully protect valuable data. Encryption provides a very strong layer of defense, but it should complement a full security stack of solutions and services to protect servers, endpoints, network connections, applications, and more.

To read more about encryption, consider:

This article was originally written by Sam Ingalls and published on May 26, 2022. It was updated by Chad Kime on December 7, 2023.

The post Types of Encryption, Methods & Use Cases appeared first on eSecurity Planet.

Whitelisting vs Blacklisting: How Are They Different?

Chad Kime — Fri, 03 Nov 2023 20:30:11 +0000

Whitelisting, blacklisting, and greylisting control IT access through their respective principles of explicit trust, distrust, and quarantining.

Also known as allowlisting, denylisting, and tracklisting, respectively, these cybersecurity principles apply broadly throughout information technology (IT) and can help manage a wide range of threats across assets and sources.

We will explore the pros, cons, and use cases for each technique, in brief in the chart below and then in greater depth.

Technique	Security type	Default Setting	When to Use	Main Drawback
Whitelist (aka: Allowlist)	Trust-centric	Always Deny	Strictly limit access to known good sources	Difficult to maintain
Blacklist (aka: Denylist)	Threat-centric	Always Allow	Block known malicious sources	Never-ending process
Greylist (aka: Tracklist)	Threat-centric	Quarantine, then investigate	Quarantine potentially malicious sources	Can block legitimate sources

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What is Whitelisting?

Whitelisting, or allowlisting, uses the fundamental principles of “zero trust” to deny access by default and only allows explicitly permitted sources to access an asset. Whitelisting can be applied to any asset (network, endpoint, application, etc.) to permit specific access to any type of source (users, devices, applications, IP addresses, etc.).

The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has published a Guide to Application Whitelisting that recommends using two of the following attributes together to define an application for whitelisting:

File Path allows all applications to execute within a specific file path or directory, which is a broad attribute that can’t prevent malicious software from executing within the correct path.
File Name allows a particular naming convention to execute but does not check for renamed malicious files or malware-infected files.
File Size checks for the file size only, and can easily allow malware of the appropriate file size to execute.
Digital Signature can be a unique value for an application, but may become obsolete as patches and updates are applied.
Cryptographic Hash enables the most unique and least spoofable value for whitelisting, but will be invalidated by any patching and updates applied to the software.

These guidelines apply specifically to applications, but the methods help to illustrate considerations that apply to whitelisting in general: How to define the allowed source sufficiently to be recognized uniquely, but not so narrowly that slight changes deny access.

Advantages of Whitelisting

Whitelisting very effectively blocks untrusted sources and provides superior protection against malware and attacks. Whitelisting restricts access strictly to already known and trusted sources such as existing and approved apps, users, websites, and IP addresses.

Comparing against a whitelist will be computationally efficient compared to the full analysis of a source. Using whitelists also reduces the possibility of a false positive analysis that incorrectly declares a malicious source to be safe.

A hidden benefit (and challenge) is that whitelisting forces the enforcement of basic asset and user tracking. Assets and users that are not included in the whitelist will be rejected, which will automatically deny rogue devices, unauthorized software, and unauthorized users.

Whitelisting Advantages	Whitelisting Disadvantages
`•` Blocks untrusted sources `•` Computationally efficient `•` Reduces false positives in threat detection `•` Enforces basic asset and user tracking strictly	`•` Labor intensive `•` Time consuming `•` Can slow productivity

Disadvantages of Whitelisting

Whitelisting can be labor-intensive and time-consuming to maintain. Every new user, device, application, or IP address will be initially denied until the team maintaining the whitelists can add the information to every relevant whitelist.

Delays in adding resources to whitelists will slow productivity and make the security team a potential bottleneck unless the whitelisting can be linked to resources such as identity and access management (IAM), privileged access management (PAM), Network Access Control (NAC), Active Directory groups, etc. To counteract such delays, organizations need to be proactive with onboarding and adding resources so that the teams adding resources to whitelists will be notified in a timely manner or self-service options can be made available.

Whitelisting Use Cases

Whitelisting should be used whenever the access can be well-defined, such as for internal resources. Examples of effective whitelisting use cases include:

Email address whitelisting to ensure proper email delivery from trusted senders in an email security program
IP address whitelisting on a firewall for branch offices
Web address whitelisting on a server to reduce the potential outside connections for a vulnerable asset
Device MAC Address whitelisting to allow access to corporate devices on a network
Application whitelisting for corporate applications to access an internal database
User whitelisting for an internal corporate application

What is Blacklisting?

Blacklisting, or denylisting, is a security measure that blocks known malicious users, IP addresses, web sites, machines, or programs from accessing an organization’s resources. Many security solutions will build in a blacklist as part of an anti-malware or an attack-blocking security feature and an organization can manually add to some lists. Blacklisting does not satisfy the principles of zero trust because the default condition for access will be to generally allow access unless blacklisted.

Advantages of Blacklisting

Blacklisting proactively blocks malicious sources and can be accomplished without great technical effort. Similarly to whitelisting, blacklisting effectively blocks untrustworthy sources and reduces the danger of false negatives in which a legitimate source is incorrectly declared to be malicious.

Blacklisting Advantages	Blacklisting Disadvantages
`•` Blocks untrusted sources `•` Reduces false negatives in threat detection	`•` Labor intensive `•` Time delayed `•` More risky than whitelisting `•` Useless against unknown threats

Disadvantages of Blacklisting

For manual blacklists, the process is simple, but labor intensive. As with an infinitely large game of whack-a-mole, malicious actors can easily change IP addresses, URLs, machines, and users to constantly add to the list of items to add to a blacklist. For example, every day over 450,000 new potentially malicious or unwanted applications are registered by the AV-TEST Institute.

Many commercial tools (next generation firewalls, secure web gateways, antivirus, endpoint detection and response, etc.) will automatically update blacklists. However, there will naturally be a delay between the launch of a malicious campaign (malware, malicious IP, malicious spam url, etc.), the detection of the malicious component, and its addition to a blacklist.

However, once a device, URL, or IP address is blocked, it will become difficult to remove it. A potential customer placed on the blacklist because of a previous (and since removed) botnet infection will find it difficult to use the blacklisted domain or device to contact the organization to be removed from the blacklist.

Lastly, unknown threats cannot be stopped by a blacklist. Blacklists require a threat to be identified distinctly in order to be added.

Blacklisting Use Cases

Blacklisting will often be the solution of choice when the potential access sources cannot be easily defined, such as for public resources. Examples of effective blacklisting use cases include:

Email address blacklisting of known spam or malware-sending email addresses in an email security program
IP address blacklisting of the source of malicious attacks in a firewall
Web address blacklisting of pornography websites on a DNS server
Device MAC Address blacklisting of known-malicious devices such as known botnets
Application blacklisting such as malware signatures in an antivirus program
User blacklisting of user that violated community rules in a discussion forum

What is Greylisting

Greylisting, or tracklisting, is equivalent to a less-stringent blacklist. Greylisted items are temporarily blocked until they can be further analyzed and confirmed to be either safe or dangerous. Tools can automatically quarantine users, email addresses, IP addresses, and other items until it is determined if they should be moved to a whitelist or a blacklist.

Advantages of Greylisting

Greylists provide temporary protection against potential threats until they can be analyzed. Commercial tools that use greylisting will typically recognize new sources or unusual activity on existing sources and perform automatic actions to add the source to a greylist pending further investigation.

Similar to blacklisting and whitelisting, greylisting can block untrusted sources and reduce false negatives in threat detection that might otherwise allow malicious sources incorrect levels of access. Greylisting can be used more aggressively than blacklisting since formal processes for review can be established and executed to evaluate greylist sources regularly.

Greylisting Advantages	Greylisting Disadvantages
`•` Blocks untrusted sources `•` Reduces false negatives in threat detection	`•` Labor intensive `•` Time delays `•` Can slow productivity

Disadvantages of Greylisting

Although tools can automatically add sources to a greylist, IT staff must often manually review quarantine lists for categorization. This can be labor-intensive and introduce time delays for legitimate sources.

As with blacklisting, a near-infinite number of new sources can attempt to access company resources and be added to a greylist, including many legitimate sources that may simply be new. Greylists can more effectively stop unknown threats than a blacklist, but will introduce more false positives (adding legitimate sources to the greylist) because it will generally be applied more aggressively than a blacklist.

Greylisting Use Cases

Greylists, similar to blacklists, will be most effectively applied to public resources when the list of potential access sources cannot be easily defined. Greylists should be used instead of blacklists to quickly quarantine suspicious sources for future review.

Many tool providers use artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) algorithms to detect anomalies and new sources to automatically add them to a greylist. Examples of effective greylisting include:

Email address greylisting of potential spam resources (most common usage)
IP address greylisting of suspicious packets passing through a firewall
Web address greylisting of URLs with recent creation dates (often an indicator of malware sources) on a secure web gateway
Device MAC Address greylisting of devices for an internal network that don’t meet patch update requirements and pushing those devices into a DMZ network pending remediation
Application greylisting for unknown applications on a company computer that just connected to the network
User greylisting of self-enrolled users pending internal approval for access to an application or network

Whitelisting vs. Blacklisting vs Greylisting? Use Them All

Blacklisting, whitelisting, and greylisting all perform specific functions with specific pros and cons. However, all three protect against malware or malicious access and thus generally reduce vulnerabilities and the risks from outside threats.

However, none of these solutions are foolproof. Malicious devices can use stolen whitelisted user credentials, malicious users can compromise whitelisted devices, and attackers can spoof whitelisted resources to cause damage.

Similarly, some users, IP addresses, or devices added to a blacklist may be temporarily compromised, such as a computer infected with a botnet used to generate distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. Once the botnet infection is removed, the device will return to being a legitimate user unworthy of a blacklist.

Despite potential weaknesses, each technique independently improves security, and becomes even more powerful when used in combination with each other. Examples of lists used in combination include:

Blacklist known malware domains on firewalls protecting a network, greylist unknown devices, and whitelist known, trusted users and machines to access a network management console
A secure web gateway may offer a whitelist for known-good devices, a blacklist for known-malicious URLs, and a greylist for suspicious users, devices, and URLs

A combined approach reduces the likelihood that a single mistake on any one list will lead to significant damage either to the organization (from malicious attacks) or to operations (from inappropriately denied access).

To determine the optimal mix for an organization, the managing security team must determine:

How many resources can be deployed to maintaining lists or evaluating quarantined sources?
How strict or flexible should access be to specific resources?
What are acceptable risks?
How will these techniques complement and improve the security stack?

Alternative Terms

Although whitelisting, blacklisting and greylisting remain industry standard terms, many users, vendors, and organizations now push to use less-loaded terms. The colors of white, black, and gray link uncomfortably to racial prejudice and will probably be phased out within a few years.

Many vendors, such as VMware, have already made the transition, so professionals need to be familiar with all variations so they can locate the appropriate options within their security tools:

Whitelist: allowlist, allow-list, permitted-list, approved-list
Blacklist: denylist, deny-list, blocked-list, disapproved-list
Greylist (or graylist): track list, inspect list, quarantine list

Bottom Line: All Listing Techniques Strengthen a Security Stack

Whitelisting, blacklisting, and greylisting all play important roles in protecting data and assets. However, they each also have limitations so these techniques cannot be relied upon independently. To be truly effective, an organization must incorporate listing strategies into their security stack in a way that reduces their risk without overly taxing their resources.

Read next:

This article was originally written by John Iwouzor on August 26, 2021. It was updated and rewritten by Chad Kime on November 3, 2023.

The post Whitelisting vs Blacklisting: How Are They Different? appeared first on eSecurity Planet.

What Is Container Security? Complete Guide

Shelby Hiter — Mon, 11 Sep 2023 10:00:00 +0000

Container security is the combination of cybersecurity tools, strategies, and best practices that are used to protect container ecosystems and the applications and other components they house.

Containers are unique computing environments that lend many different advantages to users, but their design can also introduce new kinds of security vulnerabilities and challenges. With dedicated container security tools and processes, your organization can ensure that containers stay up and running and continue to protect the applications and data they host with minimal disruption.

10 Components of Container Security

When you’re first setting up containerized applications and infrastructure, it’s important to consider each component of the containerized environment through the lens of cybersecurity. The 10 components listed below not only cover the main components of containerized network architecture but also the container security tools that are most important for this type of network setup.

1. Container network security

A container network is an interconnected, typically virtualized network that is developed between an organization’s different containers. Examples of container networking and virtualization tools include VMWare NSX and HAProxy. Container networking tools help organizations manage communication, interoperability, and scalability while still maintaining control over how individual containers interact with each other.

2. Container runtime security

A container runtime is a type of software that runs containers on the host operating system(s). Examples of container runtime platforms include Docker Engine, containerd, and runC. Container runtime security tools help administrators manage policies, configuration drift and abnormal network traffic, attempted privilege escalations, user access controls, cross-container communications, and container monitoring and logging once a container is up and running.

3. Container registry security

A container registry is a storage repository or catalog for container images that can be pushed or pulled into your running containers through their connection to container orchestration platforms. Some common examples of container registries include Docker Hub, Azure Container Registry, and Amazon ECR. Container registry security tools help users manage image-level security, adjust user privileges, scan images for vulnerabilities, audit image libraries to identify outdated or problematic images, and mitigate supply chain risks.

4. Container orchestration security

A container orchestration tool is what automates and enables the quick deployment and scalability of containers. The best-known example of a container orchestration solution is Kubernetes. Tools that support container orchestration security help users maintain container isolation, manage third-party components, and harden both container runtimes and orchestration platforms while scaling up their container deployment activity.

5. Container image security

Container images are files that contain a microcosmic collection of what’s needed to set up a new container, including container runtimes, registries, configuration settings and specifications, the host operating system kernel, and other information about what can and can’t run on that container. Container image security solutions help users regularly scan image packages and dependencies for vulnerabilities; in many cases, container image security is managed by container registry security solutions.

6. Access controls and user privileges

Identity and access management (IAM) solutions are frequently used to designate specific user privileges in containerized applications and environments. Much of user access management can be handled manually or without tools, but especially as you begin to scale up your container network and differentiate how each container operates, it’s a good idea to invest in tools that support automated credentials and directory management.

7. Container-level segmentation

A number of container and workload segmentation tools are available to manage container isolation and limit lateral movement in cloud environments. These segmentation or microsegmentation tools help to manage zero trust and user access controls with identity verification, enforce application and workload-specific policies, and provide a consistently updated map of where applications live and how they’re being used.

8. Vulnerability scanning and management

Container vulnerability scanning frequently involves looking at the entire container image and then analyzing how workloads, runtimes, orchestration platforms, and other factors may make the overall image more vulnerable to security threats. Beyond simply scanning for vulnerabilities, many container security tools also help to automate the patching process.

9. Container monitoring and logging

Container monitoring and logging tools track the activities and behaviors of microservices, applications, and other components of a containerized environment, reporting any unusual behaviors to your organization’s security administrators. For best results, look for container monitoring tools with event and log correlation, code instrumentation, easy configurability, and compatibility with multiple data sources and types. Most container monitoring and logging tools are affordable, and many are open-source solutions.

10. Container encryption and secure storage

With container encryption, the entire container’s information and operations are hidden from plain sight rather than just individual files or datasets. Container-level encryption is a helpful way to balance secure storage and accessibility, because authorized users can decrypt the container and then access all relevant information in that container from there (though many organizations opt to include additional layers of file and data encryption). Container encryption solutions are best for protecting against backdoors, creating hidden containers, and securely managing cross-platform container security.

See the Top Container Security Solutions

Best Practices on How to Secure Containers

Securing containers requires a combination of traditional cybersecurity strategies and dedicated container security practices. Below, we’ve gathered some quick tips for how to secure your containerized environment:

Don’t neglect broader cloud and network security tools and strategies in your container security management efforts.
Stay up-to-date with patches and application upgrades across all containers and container components.
Take advantage of built-in, configurable security tools in container environments; many already have security capabilities that simply need to be set up.
Ensure your security teams have application-level visibility and regularly use threat monitoring, logging, and vulnerability scanning tools across each application and container.
Automate your security scans and other tooling wherever possible.
Use only vetted container images from trusted sources.
Set up access controls and usage policies that are specific to each application, platform, and container.
Regularly audit your containers, alongside your entire network.

Read more on this topic in our Container Security Best Practices Guide.

Benefits of Container Security

Containers make it possible to run granular network operations, and for teams that think strategically about container security, that freedom to customize extends to the cybersecurity tools they use and decisions they make. Learn about some of the specific benefits of container security below:

Security through segmentation and isolation: Containerized applications and business workflows are purposefully isolated from other containers; containers do a great job of enabling lightweight and efficient computing, and through their isolation, they also help to prevent the spread of security incidents from one application to another, essentially decreasing your organization’s attack surface.
Consistent builds, immutability, and secure scalability: Once initial container environments are set up for an organization, it becomes much easier to replicate that infrastructure and its security features as computing requirements grow or change. As long as your team establishes strong security tools and procedures from the start, those best practices will transfer to all future containers you build.
Strategic structure for DevSecOps teams: The tools and best practices associated with container security are optimally designed for DevSecOps. By implementing container security best practices, organizations can ensure developers, security teams, and operations teams all have a hand in and invest time in managing cybersecurity while developing and using containerized applications.
Container-specific user permissions: Containers operate like miniature networks, making it possible for network administrators to set up container-specific, clustered user permissions. User permissions and capabilities can be confined to specific applications and containers, which limits the possibility of user credentials being stolen and used in an unauthorized fashion across multiple containers.
Focused environments for continuous security monitoring: Containers are typically given dedicated tools and resources for continuous security monitoring. A focused approach to continuous security monitoring makes it easier to detect threats and anomalous behaviors before they spread to other parts of the network or worsen.
Configurability for compliance and security audits: Containers are highly configurable and customizable environments, which makes them ideal for complex policy and compliance management requirements. For example, if a specific policy or regulation only applies to one of your departments or projects, the appropriate security rules and settings can be applied solely to that container.
Simpler security process automation: A number of third-party plugins, extensions, and tools are available to automate security management for containers. Automated tooling options include registry scanners, compliance auditing tools, container firewalls, container workload and host monitoring tools, and alerts and notifications.
Efficient deployment and rollback: Because containers are both isolated and lightweight, it is easy to set them up and roll them back quickly. This is advantageous in many ways but particularly for cybersecurity because containers that have been impacted by a breach or other suspicious activity can quickly be rolled back to stop the spread to other containers.

Container Security Risks

Container infrastructure involves many different components that are simultaneously running independently and interconnectedly, so it’s no wonder there are several different weak spots for cybersecurity vulnerabilities to creep in, often without network administrators and security teams noticing. When working in a containerized environment, it’s important to be aware of the following security risks:

Limited visibility: The isolated and segmented nature of containers produces many positive cybersecurity effects, but it has one major cybersecurity drawback: limited visibility for your cybersecurity team. Unless your cybersecurity team uses purpose-built container security, threat monitoring, and dashboarding tools, it will be incredibly difficult for them to do quick security spot checks of your entire network since it’s divided into separate containers with different rules, permissions, and operations.
Container image vulnerabilities: Container images, especially those from untrusted or unfamiliar third-party sources, may be outdated, unpatched, and/or include malware, spyware, and various vulnerabilities that put your containerized environment at risk. There’s also the risk of image poisoning, or the act in which hackers use backdoors to bring malicious container images into your existing environment without user knowledge.
User error in container configuration: Even if just one container, application, orchestration platform, or other component of your network is misconfigured, new security vulnerabilities and issues can impact your containers; containerized components rely heavily on each other and can suffer major consequences if another component is misconfigured and left vulnerable.
Kernel vulnerabilities: Regardless of the hardware or software you use to build out your network, your operating system cannot run without a kernel. Both the host operating system and all hosted containers rely on this core kernel, so if an attack or vulnerability successfully reaches the kernel, it could then impact the rest of the containerized environment.
Orchestration platform vulnerabilities: Orchestration platforms have their own cybersecurity risks that can affect the containers they manage in a distributed environment. Orchestration-specific cybersecurity risks include outdated patches, API exposures, misconfigurations, and the general complexities that come with managing security for multiple microservices.
Inconsistent patching and retuning efforts: Containers and all of their components need to be regularly audited and updated in order to maintain security. Individual applications, container images, and container orchestration platforms can all introduce new vulnerabilities into the network if they are not regularly reviewed and patched as new issues are discovered and updates are delivered.
Loose user access privileges and policies: Containers make it possible for organizations to set up highly segmented user access controls and privileges, but many organizations do not take advantage of this capability. The loose approach most take to managing container access privileges can lead employees and attackers alike to manipulate containers and hosts through Docker APIs, escalate container privileges, leak data, or introduce unapproved container images.
Third-party exposure: In many cases, third parties have some kind of access to the applications you host in containers, or they may be the owners of applications, libraries, or dependencies that are running in your containers. It can be incredibly difficult to monitor and regulate third-party behavior in your organization’s containers without the proper tools and procedures in place.

Bottom Line: The Importance of Container Security

A growing number of businesses handle computing and daily operations in containerized environments. However, many businesses are not considering the breadth and depth of the container security tools and practices they need before getting started. Bad actors have picked up on this flaw in businesses’ security plans and are targeting containerized environments now more than ever before.

To truly protect the modern attack surface, it’s necessary to incorporate container-specific security tools and best practices into your cybersecurity strategy. Although containers already have some native security benefits, they also pose some additional risks, especially in the ways they limit your cybersecurity team’s ability to view the entire attack surface at a glance. Adding purpose-built container security to your cybersecurity efforts will give your team the peace of mind and support they need to manage vulnerabilities and threats in containerized environments.

Next: See the Top Cloud Workload Protection Platforms (CWPP)

The post What Is Container Security? Complete Guide appeared first on eSecurity Planet.

What Is API Security? Definition, Fundamentals, & Tips

Kaye Timonera — Fri, 08 Sep 2023 19:58:39 +0000

Application programming interface (API) security is a combination of tools and best practices to secure the all-important connections between applications.

API security protects data and back-end systems while preserving fluid communication between software components through strict protocols and access controls. Apps are protected from unauthorized access, data breaches, and other unwanted actions thanks to proactive defenses that prevent and mitigate vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, and other security weaknesses.

Fundamentals of API Security

API security includes a range of tactics such as strict authentication and authorization methods, data encryption technologies, and strong access controls. Effective input validation prevents possible intrusions, while secure API key management and token management procedures ensure secure access. Real-time monitoring is made possible via auditing and logging, which helps in incident response and threat identification.

Additionally, as fundamental parts of this complete architecture, adherence to safe API design standards and compliance with data protection laws reinforce APIs against a variety of cyber risks.

Image from KLogics Security

API Architecture

APIs act as virtual bridges, connecting different apps and systems for seamless communication and data sharing without exposing source code to partners — and hopefully keeping back-end systems secure too. A secure API architecture serves as a strong foundation for all that, designed with security in mind. So in addition to good development and coding practices like data partitioning and encryption, API security entails creating clear boundaries and permissions to ensure that only authorized users can access APIs. By constructing APIs thoughtfully, vulnerabilities are minimized, protecting against accidental data leaks.

API Discovery and Inventory

Imagine APIs as digital keys granting access to your virtual “doors,” and maintaining an API inventory is akin to having a record of your keys. It’s not just about knowing what you have; it’s about managing access. Tracking APIs helps manage potential security gaps and the risk of unauthorized entry, preventing potential points of attack.

Threat Detection and Prevention

Once your development and architecture practices are set, you still need to monitor API interactions for any suspicious or improper behavior. API security tools can quickly identify suspicious actions, patterns and vulnerabilities and take action before they worsen. And many API security tools can test for security issues while APIs are still in development, improving security both in development and production environments.

See our picks for the Top API Security Tools

Remediation Assistance

Despite safeguards, vulnerabilities can occur. Having a response plan for security incidents is essential. When a vulnerability is detected or an attack unfolds, remediation assistance offers guidance to swiftly address the issue. This ensures timely containment and restoration to a secure state. Integration with continuous development and integration (CI/CD) processes is also important to speed and track security fixes.

API Security Standards

Modern API security is built on best practices, monitoring, and industry standards like Open Authentication (OAuth) and OpenID Connect, both of which play specific roles in strengthening your digital space.

How OAuth Works

OAuth is primarily focused on authorization. It offers a framework for letting other programs access resources on behalf of a user without disclosing the user’s login information. It uses cryptographic signatures to guarantee safe communication between the parties involved.

OAuth 2.0 adds access delegation. With the use of tokens like access tokens and refresh tokens for secure resource access, it presents a more adaptable and versatile token-based method. In order to make the protocol more comprehensible and flexible, OAuth 2.0 also standardized the division of roles, such as resource owners, clients (applications), and authorization servers.

For example, a client (mobile app) registering with the Google Photos Authorization Server receives a client_id and a client_secret. The client initiates the OAuth process by redirecting the user to the Authorization Server’s authorization endpoint, which includes parameters like client_id, redirect_uri, response_type, scope, and state.

The user is then presented with a Google Photos login page and asked to grant or deny access. If the user grants access, the Authorization Server generates an authorization code. The code is then sent to the client provided. The client sends a POST request to the Authorization Server’s token endpoint, providing an access token and possibly a refresh token. The client can use the obtained access token to make authorized requests to the Resource Server (Google Photos), which verifies the token and responds with requested data if authorized. If the token expires, the client can use the refresh token to obtain a new access token without user interaction.

Source: medium

OpenID Connect

Precise user identity confirmation across a wide range of platforms and apps is orchestrated via OpenID Connect. A single set of credentials may be used by users to verify their identity across various online environments thanks to OpenID Connect, the orchestrator of the authentication symphony and master conductor of digital identity. The frictionless use of services like Spotify, where access is accelerated by a single login via Facebook or Gmail, serves as an example of this. With this function, OpenID Connect is elevated to additionally provide identity verification, departing from OAuth’s initial scope of access provisioning and igniting a faster, more secure authentication process.

10 Most Common API Security Risks

Here are 10 common API security risks and prevention steps, from OWASP and other application security organizations.

Unsafe Consumption of APIs

This risk involves utilizing APIs in a way that could result in security flaws, including problems like not properly managing login and authorization or not ensuring the accuracy of data received through APIs.

Prevention: Ensure that the data you receive from APIs is thoroughly vetted and cleaned. Control access to critical resources by utilizing secure communication protocols (HTTPS), establishing suitable authentication procedures, and running authorization checks.

Improper Inventory Management

This risk could lead to APIs that accidentally expose sensitive information about the architecture, parts, or underlying technology of the application.

Prevention: Implement appropriate API access restrictions and authentication. Make sure that only intended APIs are exposed and accessible by doing regular audits and reviews of your API inventory.

Security Misconfigurations

Improperly configured APIs are a major source of security vulnerabilities. This involves enabling superfluous features, using default settings, and resolving errors ineffectively.

Prevention: To avoid leaking sensitive information, disable unnecessary functionality, utilize least privilege principles for access, and put solid error handling systems in place.

Server-side Request Forgery (SSRF)

By tricking a server into making unauthorized calls to internal resources, an attacker might expose sensitive information or inadvertently take unexpected action.

Prevention: To avoid fraudulent URLs, validate and sanitize user input. Utilize network-level safeguards to limit outgoing requests and implement whitelists of permitted domains or IP ranges that the server may send requests to.

Access to Business Flows Without Restriction

This risk arises when APIs give unauthorized users access to confidential corporate procedures or activities.

Prevention: Implement suitable procedures for authentication and authorization as a preventive measure. To guarantee that only authorized users may access critical APIs, employ role-based access control (RBAC).

Broken Function-Level Authorization

Attackers do this by taking advantage of flaws in authorization processes to access features or perform actions they shouldn’t be able to.

Prevention: Implement fine-grained permission checks for each function or activity within the API as a mitigation. Verify user rights and roles before granting access to a particular feature.

Unrestricted Resource Consumption

Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks can be launched by attackers who use APIs to use large amounts of server resources and disrupt function and access.

Prevention: To mitigate resource misuse, implement rate limitation, request throttling, and input validation. Check API use for questionable patterns.

Broken Object Property Level Authorization

This is when attackers trick API requests to gain unauthorized access to or alter the characteristics or attributes of an object.

Prevention: Implement appropriate access restrictions and validation to make sure users can only see or change the attributes for which they have been given permission.

Broken Authentication

Attackers obtain unauthorized access to APIs and sensitive data by taking advantage of flaws in authentication processes. Broken authentication happens because of poor password creation, compromised password storage systems, and vulnerabilities in the encrypted authentication framework.

Prevention: Protection against typical attacks like brute force and credential stuffing may be achieved by implementing strong authentication methods like multi-factor authentication (MFA), enforcing safe password rules, and properly implementing encryption.

Broken Object-Level Authorization (BOLA)

BOLA vulnerabilities can let attackers tamper with input to gain access to restricted areas or carry out forbidden activities. This happens because of insecure coding practices that fail to validate a user input.

Prevention: To prevent access to resources and actions by unauthorized users, implement appropriate input validation and permission checks. You can employ universal unique identifiers and adopt the zero-trust security framework.

A combination of secure coding techniques, comprehensive testing, appropriate setup, and ongoing monitoring are required to defend against API vulnerabilities. It is crucial to keep up with the most recent security issues and incorporate any fixes into your development process.

Source: Curity

Tips on How to Avoid API Attacks

API attacks are among the most common and damaging cybersecurity issues. To reduce these risks, organizations should proactively address the vulnerability of their API systems. Building robust APIs that can withstand various attacks ensures data protection, accuracy, and unrestricted access to essential services.

Utilize Strong Authentication and Authorization

Opt for robust authentication mechanisms that suit your application’s requirements. Employ OAuth for secure third-party access and token-based authentication for user sessions. Enforce role-based access control (RBAC) to meticulously manage authorization, ensuring that users can only access authorized resources and actions.

Incorporate Rate Limiting and Throttling

Set up rate limiting tailored to your API’s nature and user roles. Define thresholds for requests per user, IP, or specific API endpoints. Throttling works as a safeguard against misuse and depletion of resources by governing the pace at which requests can be initiated.

Validate Inputs and Sanitize Data

Undertake comprehensive input validation to ascertain that user inputs adhere to anticipated formats and values. Employ established input validation techniques and libraries to thwart threats like SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS). Implement output encoding to neutralize the potential interpretation of data as code.

Prioritize HTTPS and Secure Communication

Employ HTTPS exclusively to encrypt data exchange between clients and servers. This measure assures data confidentiality, rendering eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attacks, and data tampering ineffective.

Implement Sound Error Handling

Adopt generic error messages free of sensitive information about your system’s internal mechanisms. Develop a robust error handling mechanism that logs errors without revealing confidential data and responses.

Champion Security Testing and Code Reviews

Regularly conduct security evaluations encompassing dynamic application security testing (DAST), static application security testing (SAST), and manual penetration testing. Consistent code reviews facilitate the early identification of vulnerabilities.

Maintain Timely Updates and Patches

Stay abreast of security vulnerabilities associated with your API’s dependencies. Keep all software elements up to date, including libraries, frameworks, and the underlying OS. Swiftly apply patches to mitigate the risk posed by known vulnerabilities.

Monitor API Traffic

Integrate monitoring and logging mechanisms for your APIs. Analyze inbound and outbound traffic for abnormal patterns, spikes, or trends suggestive of malicious activity. Employ intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) for automated detection and response to suspicious behavior.

Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAF)

Consider deploying a WAF for an additional layer of defense. A WAF screens out malevolent traffic, obstructs recognized attack patterns, and provides protection against emerging threats.

See the top Web Application Firewalls

Sanction Whitelisted Domains and IPs

When feasible, configure your API to exclusively accept requests from trusted domains or specific IP ranges. This measure minimizes exposure to potential attackers.

Educate Developers and Users

Provide secure coding training to your development team and consistently deliver security awareness training to API users. Foster a security-centric mindset throughout the development and usage life cycle.

Integrate Content Validation

Validate that incoming API requests adhere to the projected schema in terms of structure, format, and content. This guards against attackers exploiting vulnerabilities in data processing.

Implement OAuth for Third-Party Access

For APIs interfacing with third-party applications, implement OAuth for secure authorization and constrained access. OAuth permits users to grant specific permissions to third-party apps without exposing their credentials.

Implement API Version Control

Employ versioning to guarantee backward compatibility and provide a seamless transition for consumers when introducing modifications. This prevents disruptions to existing integrations.

Incorporate Security Headers

Leverage security headers in API responses to regulate browser behavior. Content security policies (CSP) help thwart cross-site scripting, while Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) policies constrain access to your API from specific origins.

Ensure Secure API Documentation

Validate that your API documentation refrains from divulging sensitive information about your application’s architecture, technology stack, or security mechanisms. Disclose only essential details to enable secure API interaction comprehension.

Adhere to OWASP Guidelines

Stay current with OWASP’s resources, particularly the OWASP API Security Top Ten. Regularly review and implement their recommendations to align with the latest API security best practices.

REST vs SOAP API Security

REST and SOAP are commonly used approaches for building APIs, and using them securely is critical for API security.

Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is a collection of tools and strategies that make use of Web Service Description Language (WSDL). These requirements serve as locks and keys for data, guaranteeing that the data supplied and received is kept private and cannot be altered without the consent of the intended recipient.

The standardization and organization of SOAP API Security results in a concise set of guidelines that lessen the likelihood of errors or security flaws. This standardized and exacting technique, however, could take more work to set up and comprehend than straightforward approaches.

Representational State Transfer (REST) is for simpler operations where create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) are being performed. REST excels at being straightforward and adaptable, which makes it useful for a variety of applications. To protect the integrity and confidentiality of the shared data, REST implementation will frequently utilize tokens for authentication and authorization in addition to the protection offered by HTTPS.

HTTPS encrypts communication between the client and server and guarantees data integrity and confidentiality, which is the foundation for security in REST APIs. The padlock icon in the browser’s address bar denotes a secure connection. For safeguarding access and authorization, tokens like JSON Web Tokens (JWT), OAuth tokens, or other authentication tokens are frequently used. A user’s role, permissions, and access privileges are represented via tokens.

Source: Wallarm

REST vs SOAP Comparison Table

	REST	SOAP
Server-side sessions?	Yes (for default configuration), it is stateless. It can be changed to stateful.	No, because it is stateful.
How does it operate?	It is driven by functionalities (services) for data fetching. Commands like getUser are used.	Data is considered a resource.
Transfer Protocol	HTTP, UDP, SMP, etc.	HTTPS
Design	It is well-standardized and has a strict set of pre-specified rules.	The architecture follows a not-so-strict guideline.
Cashes	Not used	Used
Security	Adheres to ACID properties and ensures enterprise-grade security that makes it ideal for sensitive data exchange and even financial transactions.	HTTPS + SSL
Format accepted for messaging	XML	JSON, XML, HTML
Resource consumption	It is resource-intensive and requires higher bandwidth and computing power.	Requires much fewer resources.
Java API	JAX-WS	JAX-RS
Do they work together?	It does not utilize SOAP due to its high architectural standards.	This web service can utilize SOAP due to its standard for diverse usage.
Exposing Technique	Technicalities and methods can be viewed using WSDL.	Its methods can be exposed using URIs.

What Are the Top Tools for API Testing?

Different requirements and preferences are addressed by these tools. Beagle Security offers a user-friendly interface for API security testing, StackHawk is developer-focused, and Wallarm specializes in automated threat detection. Your decision should be based on your unique demands and the nature of your organization’s API security requirements. See our list of the Top API Security Tools for additional ideas.

Wallarm API Security Platform: Best for Automated Threat Detection

Wallarm is a thorough security platform created to safeguard apps and APIs from online dangers. It excels in automated threat detection, which enables it to swiftly recognize and address any security vulnerabilities without the need for user intervention. For businesses wishing to automate their monitoring and response procedures for API security, this makes it ideal.

StackHawk: Best for Developer Teams

A tool that effortlessly fits into the process of development is StackHawk. It is an API security testing tool that is user-friendly for developers, so it can be used while they create and distribute apps. It is a great asset for teams focusing on continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) since it aids developers in identifying and fixing security problems early in the development process.

Beagle Security: Best for User Interface API Security Testing

For assessing API security, Beagle Security provides a simple user interface. It makes it easier to scan and evaluate the security of your APIs. Its user-friendly interface makes it simpler for developers and security experts to communicate and comprehend the findings of security testing. Beagle Security may be a wise choice if you place a high priority on a user-friendly experience when performing API security testing.

Also read:

API Breach Examples

Unfortunately, major API security breaches happen all the time. Here are three major API breaches that happened this year, the most recent just a few weeks ago.

Duolingo

In August 2023, news broke that the personal information of 2.6 million users of the well-known language learning website Duolingo — including email addresses, usernames, language preferences, and learning progress — had been leaked. An unprotected API that let anybody check if an email address was linked to a Duolingo account caused the compromise.

Discord

In March 2023, over 760,000 users were impacted by a data breach at Discord.io, a customized invite service for Discord. The hacker ‘Akhirah’ posted a database of user data for sale on the dark web. Both non-sensitive information and possibly sensitive information were included in the data. Discord.io suspended operations and began an inquiry. To prevent a breach from happening again, Discord.io wants to update the website’s programming and security features. Users weren’t compelled to change their passwords, but those who registered prior to 2018 should think about doing so on other websites as well. Users are urged to implement two-factor authentication for increased security because Discord.io and Discord are independent companies.

MOVEit

Also this year, the MOVEit file transfer software breach impacted over 1,000 organizations and 60 million people worldwide, with most victims in the U.S., Germany, Canada, and the UK. Notably, a U.S. government contractor, Maximus, had the data of up to 11 million individuals compromised. Financial institutions were hit the hardest.

The breach’s estimated cost is around $10 billion, but it could be even higher if more victims report their losses. The ransomware group Clop might have been planning this since 2021, and stands to gain a significant $100 million from this campaign.

Bottom Line: Getting API Security Right

API security is critically important in today’s digital landscape, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data and services. Whether dealing with simple REST APIs or complex SOAP-based systems, robust security measures are not optional. Basic API security measures like development best practices, tracking and assessing vulnerabilities, and implementing authentication and authorization controls offer a big payoff for low-cost efforts. Investing in API security solutions will also help safeguard your organization’s reputation and financial well-being in our deeply connected world.

Next: See the Top Vulnerability Management Tools

The post What Is API Security? Definition, Fundamentals, & Tips appeared first on eSecurity Planet.

8 Container Security Best Practices & Tips

Shelby Hiter — Mon, 04 Sep 2023 08:08:00 +0000

Many modern enterprises and service-driven companies run their digital operations in container environments, making it easier to set up distinct permissions, workflows, and rules for each microservice and set of applications they’re running.

This modern infrastructure choice brings numerous advantages to operational workflows, but without the appropriate security policies and tools in place, it can also open the door to new security vulnerabilities and attack vectors. To prepare your organization’s containers for all possible security threats, it’s important to be aware of both the challenges you’ll face and the best practices you can follow to optimize your container security setup.

See the Top Container Security Solutions

Top 8 Challenges of Container Security

Container networks are intricate environments, with various components running unique processes and workflows. The design of containers can lead to a number of container security challenges. Here are the major ones.

Vulnerable Container Images

The container images used to create new containers are often the source of new security vulnerabilities for a cloud network. Images, especially those that come from unreliable and/or unvetted third-party image libraries, may be outdated and riddled with malicious code without user knowledge. There’s also the chance that a bad actor will leverage a poisoning attack against images already in your registry or introduce a poisoned image through an unsecured backdoor.

With the variety of images and sources that organizations use when getting started with containers, it can be difficult to detect every abnormality or risk from the outset, especially if your team has little experience with this type of technology.

Vulnerable CI/CD Environments

Even earlier in the container development and deployment lifecycle, it’s possible for vulnerabilities to go undetected in the continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) environments you use to build container images. Attackers are increasingly introducing malicious code into these build environments and attacking container images, registries, and source code repositories before containers are even built. Build environments have become frequent targets because many organizations do not pay as much attention to build environment security as they do security for other container components.

Monitoring Isolated and Segmented Architecture

By nature, containers are isolated and segmented into unique microservices, which makes it difficult for cybersecurity teams to monitor and quickly assess individual container behaviors in the context of the network as a whole. It takes a well-trained team and the right tools to maintain visibility and effectively monitor a large network with different rules and norms operating in each container.

Maintaining Real-Time Threat Detection During Runtime

A serious security incident can spin up with little notice in container runtime, particularly if the organization has not established appropriate user privileges and is not regularly scanning for anomalous behaviors. Once a container is up and running, real-time threat detection tools and strategies should be in place to catch all possible issues, both existing and emergent.

Setting Up and Working With Various Configurations

Every component of a container ecosystem has its own configuration rules and best practices. It’s all too easy to misconfigure a container image, an orchestration platform, an image registry, or an individual application, and any single misconfiguration could leave the entire container network vulnerable.

Configurations get even more complicated to manage when you consider the different microservices, software formats, and compliance rules that may exist for each container. Open-source container configurations can be particularly challenging to set up and maintain correctly if your team is less experienced with this type of software.

Keeping Up With Security Updates Across Containers

Each container, orchestration platform, application, and individual component of a container typically relies on different software solutions, vendors, and upgrade schedules and particularities. Without automated patching and security management tools, security teams frequently miss crucial patching opportunities and leave their network more vulnerable to unauthorized user access and actions.

Working With Third-Party Products and Services

Sometimes container administrators know they’re working with third-party products and services and are aware of their sources and credibility. In other cases, you may choose to work with third-party container products or services that are less familiar and may not have been properly vetted. Whether you intentionally or unintentionally introduce third parties into your container environment, their cybersecurity posture management practices, user errors, and misconfigurations can extend new issues into your environment.

Designating and Maintaining Appropriate User Access Controls

Each container and application likely requires different user permissions and access levels, especially if certain parts of your business are subject to compliance regulations while others are not. Without a directory or identity and access management (IAM) solution in place, your cybersecurity team will have trouble keeping up with onboarding, offboarding, and otherwise updating the right users in the right places. This has severe consequences: Any unnecessary levels of access that your organization grants open you up to additional security risks, including a greater chance of exposed credentials and credential phishing attacks.

8 Container Security Best Practices

While container security can be difficult to manage, a number of tools, processes, policies, and general best practices can help your team stay on track. Learn about some of the best ways to manage container security for your organization below.

Regularly Monitor for and Fix Container Misconfigurations

Container image, orchestration platform, and other component misconfigurations are some of the biggest, most severe sources of container security breaches. To immediately decrease your chances of a security incident, your organization should strategize on how to monitor for, fix, and establish better standards that prevent container misconfigurations.

To improve your container security outcomes, consider setting up automated configurations and using configuration platforms to avoid issues of human error. Additionally, set up configuration guidelines and expectations from the outset, covering topics like compliance and approved third-party vendors. Finally, make sure your actual build environment has clearly defined dependencies and configurations so new containers can be set up for success.

Learn more about Cloud Workload Protection

Use Purpose-Built Container Security Tools

Many container solutions include built-in security tools that your organization should set up, but those solutions are often not enough to keep up with your different applications and operational workflows. For best results, it’s a good idea to invest in purpose-built container security tools and platforms.

If you’re not sure what to look for in your container security tool selection process, focus your search on the following key features and capabilities:

Code security tools, including code debugging tools
Automated image, code repository, registry, and vulnerability scanning
Workload configuration scanning and misconfiguration alerts
Container runtime security (CRS)
Real-time threat detection
Application-level threat monitoring for zero-day vulnerabilities
Incident response and forensics
Accessible reports and dashboards
Native enforcement and continuous hardening

Automate Container Security Scanning and Threat Monitoring

Automated threat monitoring and vulnerability scanning make it possible for your security and network administrators to manage container security around the clock and at a granular level. With the right monitoring and scanning tools in place, your organization can look for and mitigate misconfigurations, malware code, and various security vulnerabilities in real time and without constantly undergoing full-fledged audits.

Although vulnerability scanning and threat monitoring tasks can be handled manually to a certain extent, it’s a good idea to automate these processes, especially as your container network grows and diversifies. Look for automated tools that regularly scan at an image, dependency, and workload level, and to improve the overall experience, select a tool that includes user-friendly dashboards and data visualizations.

Complete Regular Container Security Audits and Testing

Regardless of what tools or procedures you select, make sure your security audits follow a regular schedule and standardized processes that match your organization’s usage and compliance requirements. In between regular audit cycles, be sure to have continuous security tests running in CI/CD pipelines.

To make container and broader cloud network audits easier to complete, consider investing in a security software solution that includes cloud security mapping among its features. This feature can help you and your team get a quick visual of how all individual pieces of your network — including containers and their individual components — are set up and behaving. This feature is common in cloud security posture management (CSPM) and Kubernetes security posture management solutions.

Vet All Container Images Before Use

Not all container images are created equal, which is why your team must regularly assess container image quality before and during use. To prevent image-related security issues, stick to the following best practices:

Only use images from trusted third-party repositories.
Regularly update images and check for patching opportunities; patch management software can help you automate and manage updates across larger container environments.
Audit images and look for evidence of anomalous behaviors and/or image poisoning.
Use images that include only the dependencies you absolutely need; this will reduce your attack surface.
Use image signatures and other verification methodologies to confirm the image source’s credibility.

Patch and Upgrade Container Components Regularly

Applications, orchestration platforms, images, image repositories, and a variety of other components in a containerized environment can become gateways to bad actors and malicious code if you don’t keep up with patch updates. Your team can handle patches manually if you have the on-staff resources and skills to keep track of all patching opportunities. However, most organizations will benefit from using patch management software or a cybersecurity platform that includes this functionality. This type of software is capable of automating and handling patches at scale and across a variety of container components.

Set Up Granular User Access Controls and Permissions

Especially for containers that contain sensitive datasets and are subject to strict compliance regulations, it’s important to determine what roles, responsibilities, and user access levels are necessary to protect that data. Role-based access controls should be applied to both containers and APIs to ensure only authorized users can access and make changes to your applications and the containers where they’re running.

It’s also a good idea to implement internal security and usage policies for all users because having all of the right security tools and permissions in place can only do so much to protect against user errors. Your policies need to cover how different users can and should interact with applications and data stored in containers. An overarching policy may be enough, but role-specific policies and training ensure all users know what they have access to and how they can securely and compliantly use those resources.

Incorporate Broader Cloud and Network Security Best Practices

Your containers and container security practices should be well integrated into your entire cloud computing environment, particularly with DevOps and SIEM tools that you already use. In addition to purpose-built container security tools, it’s important to apply broader cloud security best practices and tools to your container environment. Cloud security posture management tools, third-party risk management platforms, and vulnerability management and scanning solutions are just a handful of cloud security tool examples that often include container-specific configurations and integrations.

Learn more about cloud security best practices.

Bottom Line: Optimizing Your Container Security Setup

Containers offer efficient and lightweight computing architecture to businesses of all backgrounds, but without the proper setup and ongoing maintenance of container components and security tools, your containers and hosted applications can quickly fall into disarray and disrepair.

As a growing number of bad actors target containers and microservice architectures, it’s important to be aware of all of the different ways your host operating system, container images, orchestration platforms, and other container components can fall prey to unauthorized access and use. With the best practices and tips above, your cybersecurity teams and network administrators can be sure that all users are following appropriate processes and procedures and that all container components and security tools are working as they should.

Next: See the Best Cloud Native Application Protection Platforms (CNAPP)

The post 8 Container Security Best Practices & Tips appeared first on eSecurity Planet.

What is Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST)?

Kaye Timonera — Thu, 22 Jun 2023 22:05:41 +0000

Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST) combines elements of pentesting, vulnerability scanning and code security to evaluate the security of web applications.

The cyber security team adopts the role of a simulated hacker and expertly scrutinizes the application’s defenses, thoroughly assessing its vulnerability to potential threats. By doing this, DAST helps determine how secure the web application is and pinpoint areas that need improvement.

Why is DAST Important for Application Security?
How Does DAST Work?
6 Pros of DAST
4 Cons of DAST
What Is the Difference Between DAST, SAST, IAST and SCA?
Top DAST Tools
Bottom Line: Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST)

Why is DAST Important for Application Security?

As cyber attacks grow increasingly sophisticated, DAST has become essential for maintaining web application security. It simulates real-world hacking efforts and assists in identifying flaws and vulnerabilities. This helps enterprises to address possible risks before they can be exploited by proactively assessing the application’s security and improving code and overall security posture to protect critical data.

Regular DAST assessments help businesses stay one step ahead of potential risks and contribute to the continual development of secure applications. Enterprises can ensure a stable and resilient environment for their users and stakeholders by continuously evaluating and enhancing their web application security.

How Does DAST Work?

DAST works by simulating the activities of hackers and scanning for vulnerabilities to find potential attack paths and make web applications as secure as possible. By pretending to be a hacker and scanning web applications and emulating hacking techniques, an enterprise’s security team can find the holes and vulnerabilities that might otherwise be used in a cyber attack. The security team examines the application from the outside, attempting to exploit vulnerabilities and assessing the effectiveness of defensive measures. DAST tools employ various techniques such as injection attacks, cross-site scripting (XSS) attempts, and other common attack vectors to identify potential weaknesses.

Security testers can use vulnerability scanning, pentesting and code security tools to help them test the application’s security.

See the Top Application Security Tools & Software

6 Pros of DAST

DAST plays an important role in ensuring the security of web applications, where vulnerabilities can expose critical data to the internet. Here are some of the pros and benefits of DAST security practices.

Real-world simulation: DAST mimics actual hacking techniques, providing a realistic assessment of application security.
Comprehensive coverage: DAST tests the entire application, including complex interactions, APIs (application programming interfaces), and integrations, ensuring a thorough security assessment.
Rapid identification of vulnerabilities: DAST tools and solutions can quickly pinpoint exactly where potential security flaws are. This allows for immediate remediation and reduces the window of exposure.
Lower rate of false alerts: By minimizing the occurrence of false alarms, DAST provides more precise and reliable results, reducing the number of false positives.
Compatibility with diverse programming languages: With its ability to seamlessly assess the security of web applications developed in a range of programming languages, DAST offers flexibility and effectiveness across different programming frameworks.
Rapid reevaluation of patched vulnerabilities: Through quick reassessment of resolved vulnerabilities, DAST allows organizations to promptly validate the effectiveness of their patches and ensure that they are no longer exploitable.

See the Best Patch Management Software & Tools

4 Cons of DAST

Despite the benefits, DAST isn’t without costs or limitations. Here are four to consider.

Limited visibility into source code: Since the external attack nature of DAST restricts its ability to thoroughly analyze the source code, it might potentially miss certain vulnerabilities that require access to the code for detection.
Impact on application performance: The scanning process of DAST tools can occasionally strain an application’s resources, leading to a potential performance degradation during the testing phase. For critically important applications, this is no small issue, and testing should be done during off-peak hours if possible.
Delayed CI/CD pipeline results: DAST assessments may introduce delays in the continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipeline, potentially impeding the timely release of application updates or features.
Potential need for manual testing: DAST scans may generate false positives or miss certain vulnerabilities, which will require additional manual verification to ensure accurate results and avoid overlooking potential security risks.

DAST, SAST, IAST and SCA: What Are the Differences?

DAST and SAST (static application security testing) are complementary methods of application security testing. SAST looks at the program’s source code to find possible security weaknesses before deployment, whereas DAST focuses on external analysis of the application and attempts to attack vulnerabilities in real-time.

While SAST offers insights on the design and organization of the code, DAST assesses the behavior of the program during runtime. Organizations frequently utilize a mix of the two approaches, each of which has advantages and disadvantages, to provide full security coverage.

Interactive application security testing (IAST) combines both DAST and SAST approaches, while software composition analysis (SCA) can also address configuration issues with applications that can potentially be exploited. There are also software dependencies and libraries that have known vulnerabilities, which is where vulnerability management capabilities fit in.

See the Top Vulnerability Management Tools

Top 3 DAST Tools

Invicti

Invicti, formerly known as Netsparker, is renowned for its advanced scanning technology and comprehensive coverage. It offers accurate detection of vulnerabilities, including complicated issues, and provides detailed reports for immediate and efficient remediation. It has a user-friendly interface and robust automation capabilities, making it one of the most popular choices among security professionals.

Veracode

Veracode is recognized for its comprehensive application security platform, which includes dynamic scanning capabilities. It combines DAST with static analysis (SAST) and software composition analysis (SCA) to provide a holistic approach to application security. Veracode’s industry-leading accuracy, scalability, and integration capabilities make it a preferred choice for organizations seeking end-to-end security testing solutions.

Acunetix

What makes Acunetix stand out is its powerful scanning engine and comprehensive vulnerability detection. It offers a wide range of automated security tests, including DAST, to identify common and advanced web application vulnerabilities. Its intuitive interface, robust reporting features, and extensive checks make it one of the top choices for enterprises seeking for effective web application security testing.

Also read:

Bottom Line: Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST)

Maintaining web application security in today’s dynamic threat environment requires equally dynamic security approaches, so an enterprise’s web application security strategy must incorporate DAST techniques. DAST offers a realistic and thorough evaluation of application security by simulating actual hacking attempts, enabling enterprises to proactively detect weaknesses. Enterprises can make their application security coverage even more complete by integrating DAST with other security testing methodologies like SAST.

There are DAST products that are readily available that come with powerful scanning methods, precise vulnerability identification, and user-friendly interfaces. Invicti, Veracode, and Acunetix are a few of DAST solutions to consider, but code and application security tools are always evolving and other options exist too.

Adding DAST to an organization’s security plan will improve security posture, safeguard important data, and provide a secure environment for users and stakeholders.

The post What is Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST)? appeared first on eSecurity Planet.

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